Impact of Selfishness on Personal Life free essay sample

Every day, people make several decisions that more or less influence their live. However, it is necessary to consider other people and results before the decisions were made, since selfish decisions can cause lots of problems. The selfish choices that selected by the main characters in both â€Å"On the Rainy River† and â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stocking† cause regret and raise conflict between the main characters and themselves . Regret can be caused by selfish decisions. On the one hand, O’Brien, the narrator of the â€Å"On the Rainy River† felt guilty and worried about his families during the way to Canada because he fled away from the war: â€Å"I would go to the warI would kill and maybe die –because I was embarrassed not to. That was the sad thing† (O’Brien 12). Clearly, O’Brien explained why he decided to go to Canada and continued his life without contradicting his own beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Selfishness on Personal Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Here he lost his chance at having personal happiness and would have to live with regret from then on. Even though, O’Brien went back and join the army in the end, he still could not get away from the guilt that rose by his decisions: â€Å"I survived, but its not a happy ending. I was a coward. I went to the war† (O’Brien 14). Unlike most people, O’Brien did not regarded surviving form the war as a fortunate thing for him, instead, O’Brien considered himself as a coward and did not forgive himself for making the inappropriate decision from now on. On the other hand, Mrs. Sommer, the major character of â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† also felt guilty about her family, for the mother used up all the fifteen pounds to purchase accessories and entertained herself instead of buying â€Å"so and so many yards of percales for new shirt waists for the boys and Janie and Mag†(Chopin 1). The fifteen pounds were supposed to spend on the clothing of their children according to Mrs. Sommers’s plan at beginning, but she spent all for herself. By the end of day, she did not want to go home: â€Å"in truth he saw noting—unless he were wizard enough to detect a poignant wish, a powerful longing that the cable car would never stop anywhere, but go on forever† (Chopin 3). Mrs. Sommers’s thought reflected her regret since she wished the cable can run forever, so that she did not need to go back home and face her families. Obviously, personal happiness cannot be achieved by selfishness, doing this can create nothing but regret that will follow a  person through their life. Furthermore, the selfishness gives raise to conflict between people and themselves. In â€Å"On the Rainy River†, on the one side, OBrien felt he was â€Å"too good for the war. Too smart, too compassionate, too everything† (O’Brien 3) since the war is completely unreasonable for him. He did not want to be killed or kill anyone else. On the other side, he found himself is completely irresponsible for both his family and country, for the simple reason that he neither supported his country nor protected his family during the most dangerous time. Due to his strong sense of morality and the honourable values like bolstering his own country, OBrien struggled with two conflicting forces in himself. Similarly, Mrs. Sommers struggled against herself to repress the urges and temptation of the luxury items. At first, she planned to spend the money on her children. However, as soon as she entered the department store, she had a powerful desire for a moment of luxury. She tried to hide the desire because of her economic situations. Eventually â€Å"she went on feeling the soft, sheeny luxurious things—with both hands now, holding them up to see them glisten, and feel them glide serpent-like through her fingers. Two hectic blotches came suddenly into her pale cheeks† (Chopin 2) and undoubtedly she succumbed to her desires. By the end of the short story, Mrs. Sommers was extraordinarily desperate for the luxurious life to never end â€Å"a poignant wish, a powerful longing that the cable car would never stop anywhere, but go on and on with her forever† (Chopin 3). The cable in some way symbolized her dream life since at that time only wealthy people were able to afford cable. Her wish represented she still wanted to enjoy the feeling of that unrealistic luxurious life and was unwilling to return back to reality. Ultimately , being selfish leads to the conflicts between people and themselves and annoyance in their life. Overall, the two short stories namely â€Å"On the Rainy River† and â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† emphasized the negative impact of selfishness on human life. Both O’Brien and Mrs. Sommer suffered the regret and conflicting forces that rose by their selfishness. Therefore it is necessary to consider the result before making a decision since selfish decisions, in long term, cannot bring any happiness and self-satisfactory.

Business Accounting Financial Transactions

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Accounting for Financial Transactions. Answer: Introduction The terminology accounting implies a recording process that records all the financial transactions in a systematic as well as in comprehensive way. In other words, it can also be said that accounting is an effective process that helps an accountant to analyze, report and summarize all the financial transactions related to the business with the aim to lapse both the tax collection agencies and entities. According to Parry (2015), accounting is considered as the basic language of any type of business. Therefore, it is a vital factor to gather knowledge about the basics of business accounting. Reflective Learning Journal In order to gather knowledge in the field of basic accounting, it has been found that there are various terminologies that are counted as the important term. Therefore, a list of terms and terminologies or an accounting glossary has been prepared below that will help me to learn and gather knowledge and will also clear my concepts and theories regarding business accounting along with various formulae and equations. Cash Management and Budgeting The terminology cash management is mainly used in case of any growing or new business, where, this broad term refers to collection, disbursement and concentration of cash (Ebert and Griffin 2015). The objective of this management is to manage and balance the total amount of cash of a business of an organization in a peculiar way that will help to maximize the cash availability not invested in inventories or fixed assets. This involves the avoidance of risk regarding insolvency. The factors that are monitored as a cash management include the management of cash balances within an organization, level of liquidity of a firm and the strategies of short-term investment. On the other hand, budgeting is defined as a plan for the future of any business that provides a plan regarding future expenditure and income along with its savings. In other words, it can also be said that budgeting is a guideline that helps the management team of an organization to predict and understand the future spending and saving of an organization (Brinca et al. 2016). Depending on the future expenditure and saving, an organization is operated. In addition to this, a cash budget is defined as an estimation of the total cash outflows and cash inflows for a particular business of an organization over a specified period of time (Collier 2015). Therefore, it can be said that cash budget helps an accountant or the management team of a firm to assess whether the specified entity has sufficient amount of cash to operate successfully. Therefore, it can be said that from this concept of budgeting, cash budget and cash management, I have learned the importance and their role in implementation. I have got a clearer idea regarding the concepts of budgeting and cash budget and its basic difference. I have also understood that the cash management is dependent on the budgeting or cash budget and vice-versa. This basic concept of business accounting will help me in my future as I have gained knowledge that cash management is an important factor for any start-up business or any new business. Therefore, if I would like to be an entrepreneur in future, then I will be able to implement these concepts and can run my own business successfully. In addition to these, all these basic knowledge, concept and theories will also help me to take part in any inter-college competition or quiz competition as these concepts have helped me to differentiate between each of these related terminologies. Periodic and Perpetual Inventory system - Periodic Inventory system is the procedure of valuating the inventories with the aim to prepare a financial report, where, at a specified time interval, a physical inventory count is occurred (Mintz 2016). In addition to this, Periodic Inventory system helps to keep and maintain a pathway of the inventory at the beginning of the phase; both the purchases and sales that are done at same phase of time are also traced under the section asset of a financial statement. On the other hand, the perpetual inventory system is the bookkeeping procedure for inventory that helps in recording the sale and/ or purchase of stock by using the method of point-of-sale (computerized) and endeavors the asset management software (Wier, Stone and Hunton 2015). In addition to this, the perpetual system of inventory gives a exhaustive view about the adjustments within the inventory with an urgent coverage of inventory amount in the stock. Therefore, it can be said that this imitates the goods level on hand. Thus, a detailed study on the periodic Inventory system and perpetual inventory system has helped to clear my concept regarding their definition, importance and implementation. In addition to this, I have also learned their main difference regarding implementation within an organization. I have gained knowledge about the merits and demerits of periodic Inventory system and perpetual inventory system. Additionally, this concept will help to self-evaluate and therefore, it will encourage involving myself in the self-assessment examination as well as in quiz competition. Moreover, the teaching in the prior subject inventory has facilitated me to gather knowledge regarding these two types of inventory systems. Thus, it can be said that these basic knowledge will facilitate me to gather additional information about the business accounting. Inventory valuation - The inventory valuation is the expenditure which is associated with the stock of an organization towards the end of a specified period of time. The inventory valuation is counted as an important element that helps in calculating COGS and can be used for loans as collateral (Ahadiat and Martin 2015). It has been found that generally the inventory valuation is expressed in the balance sheet of the organization as the current asset. Usually, the inventory valuation is made based on the costs or expenses that are sustained by an organization to gather the inventory and also to transform them into a particular circumstance where it will make ready to sell. It has been found that the costs which are involved within the inventory valuation concept are - import duties, handling, freight, production overhead, direct materials and direct labor. It can be said that this concept has also enriched my awareness about the fundamentals of business accounting. The detailed study has helped me to study more regarding the terms and terminologies of business accounting. The strong understanding of business accounting will facilitate me to earn further information about the topic and this in return will assist me in my future to turn out to be an expert in the ground of business accounting (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). In addition to these, the clear and detailed concept regarding the basic of business accounting will also help to take part in the corporate quiz and self-assessment examination. All these participations will also give me an opportunity to learn more new things and all these will help me in my future to become a successful entrepreneur. Inventory costing methods It is the cost of holding products in store. The capital, taxation, depreciation, shrinkage costs, warehousing, obsolescence and insurance are also involved as a percentage of inventory value (Gibson and Haynes 2015). Generally, the smaller businesses mainly use four types of methods for calculating inventory costing and to account for cost of goods sold (COGS). These include - Last in First out (LIFO), First in First out (FIFO), Specific Identification Method and Average Cost Method (O'Connell et al. 2015). Additionally, each type of these methods is best suited to different financial aims and different conditions. Thus, it is an important factor for the entrepreneurs to have knowledge regarding the various types of inventory costing methods, as they should implement the most appropriate one for the most accurate accounting system. Thus, this specified learning about the kinds of methods of inventory costing will facilitate me in self-assessment examination and also in self-evaluation. These concepts will improve my awareness concerning the basic topic of business accounting, thus, it will encourage me to take participation in the quiz competition. Therefore, it can be said that these basic concepts, theories and information regarding the basics of business accounting will help me to recognize the other concepts that are dependent on these concepts and theories. Thus, I can say that these basics will assist me to collect more information in future regarding the business accounting. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that, business accounting is a very important theme for any person who wants to be a successful entrepreneur in future. In addition to this, an individual who wants to become a specialist in the ground of accounting and want to rule the business world should learn this business accounting subject. The reason behind this is that the accounting is measured as the basic language of any business, whereas, the basic knowledge regarding the business accounting is the key to become a successful business person. Therefore, the basic concepts and theories of business accounting should be clear, as this will help an individual in future. I have made a glossary of different terms and terminologies that are associated with the subject business accounting such that it can provide me with different types of knowledge regarding the particular topic. References Ahadiat, N. and Martin, R.M., 2015. Attributes, Preparations, and Skills Accounting Professionals Seek in College Graduates for Entry-Level Positions vs. Promotion.Journal of Business and Accounting,8(1), p.179. Brinca, P., Chari, V.V., Kehoe, P.J. and McGrattan, E., 2016.Accounting for Business Cycles(No. 531). Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Collier, P.M., 2015.Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Ebert, R.J. and Griffin, R.W., 2015.Business essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Gibson, J.L. and Haynes, W.W., 2015.Accounting in small business decisions. University Press of Kentucky. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Mintz, S., 2016.Ethical obligations and decision-making in accounting: text and cases. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. O'Connell, B., Carnegie, G., Carter, A., De Lange, P., Hancock, P., Helliar, C. and Watty, K., 2015. Shaping the future of accounting in business education in Australia. Parry, S.N., 2015. The influence of neoliberal economics on small business accounting research: A critical evaluation of agendas and methodologies.International Small Business Journal, p.0266242615600508. Wier, B., Stone, D.N. and Hunton, J.E., 2015. Retraction: Does Graduate Business Education Contribute to Professional Accounting Success?.Accounting Horizons,29(3), pp.745-745.

Agrarian Discontent In The Late 1800s Why The Farmers Were Wrong The P

Agrarian Discontent in the Late 1800's "Why the Farmers Were Wrong" The period between 1880 and 1900 was a boom time for American politics. The country was for once free of the threat of war, and many of its citizens were living comfortably. However, as these two decades went by, the American farmer found it harder and harder to live comfortably. Crops such as cotton and wheat, once the bulwark of agriculture, were selling at prices so low that it was nearly impossible for farmers to make a profit off them. Furthermore, improvement in transportation allowed foreign competition to materialize, making it harder for American farmers to dispose of surplus crop. Finally, years of drought in the midwest and the downward spiral of business in the 1890s devastated many of the nations farmers. As a result of the agricultural depression, many farm groups, most notably the Populist Party, arose to fight what farmers saw as the reasons for the decline in agriculture. During the last twe nty years of the nineteenth century, many farmers in the United States saw monopolies and trusts, railroads, and money shortages and the demonetization of silver as threats to their way of life, though in many cases their complaints were not valid. The growth of the railroad was one of the most significant elements in American economic growth. However, in many ways, the railroads hurt small shippers and farmers. Extreme competition between rail companies necessitated some way to win business. To do this, many railroads offered rebates and drawbacks to larger shippers who used their rails. However, this practice hurt smaller shippers, including farmers, for often times railroad companies would charge more to ship products short distances than they would for long trips. The rail companies justified this practice by asserting that if they did not rebate, they would not make enough profit to stay in business. In his testimony to the Senate Cullom Committee, George W. Parker stat ed, ...the operating expense of this road...requires a certain volume of business to meet these fixed expenses....in some seasons of the year, the local business of the road...is not sufficient to make the earnings...when we make up a train of ten of fifteen cars of local freight...we can attach fifteen or twenty cars...of strictly through business. We can take the latter at a very low rate than go without it. Later, when asked the consequences of charging local traffic the same rate as through freight, Mr. Parker responded, Bankruptcy, inevitably and speedy.... While the railroads felt that they must use this practice to make a profit, the farmers were justified in complaining, for they were seriously injured by it. A perfect example of this fact can be found in The Octopus by Frank Norris. A farmer named Dyke discovers that the railroad has increased their freight charges from two to five cents a pound. This new rate, ...ate up every cent of his gains. He stood there ruined. (Doc . H). The railroads regularly used rebates and drawbacks to help win the business of large shippers, and made up this loss in profit by increasing the cost to smaller shippers such as farmers. As a result, many farmers, already hurt by the downslide in agriculture, were ruined. Thus, the farmers of the late nineteenth century had a valid complaint against railroad shippers, for these farmers were hurt by the unfair practices of the railroads. Near the end of the nineteenth century, business began to centralize, leading to the rise of monopolies and trusts. Falling prices, along with the need for better efficiency in industry, led to the rise of such companies as Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil, which controlled a majority of the nations supply of raw steel and oil respectively. The rise of these monopolies and trusts concerned many farmers, for they felt that the disappearance of competition would lead to erratic and unreasonable price rises that would hurt consumers. James B. Weaver, the Populist partys presidential candidate in the 1892 election, summed up the feelings of many Americans of the period in his work, A Call to Action: An Interpretation of the Great Uprising. He wrote, It is clear that trusts are...in conflict with the Common law. They Agrarian Discontent In The Late 1800s Why The Farmers Were Wrong The P Agrarian Discontent in the Late 1800's "Why the Farmers Were Wrong" The period between 1880 and 1900 was a boom time for American politics. The country was for once free of the threat of war, and many of its citizens were living comfortably. However, as these two decades went by, the American farmer found it harder and harder to live comfortably. Crops such as cotton and wheat, once the bulwark of agriculture, were selling at prices so low that it was nearly impossible for farmers to make a profit off them. Furthermore, improvement in transportation allowed foreign competition to materialize, making it harder for American farmers to dispose of surplus crop. Finally, years of drought in the midwest and the downward spiral of business in the 1890s devastated many of the nations farmers. As a result of the agricultural depression, many farm groups, most notably the Populist Party, arose to fight what farmers saw as the reasons for the decline in agriculture. During the last twe nty years of the nineteenth century, many farmers in the United States saw monopolies and trusts, railroads, and money shortages and the demonetization of silver as threats to their way of life, though in many cases their complaints were not valid. The growth of the railroad was one of the most significant elements in American economic growth. However, in many ways, the railroads hurt small shippers and farmers. Extreme competition between rail companies necessitated some way to win business. To do this, many railroads offered rebates and drawbacks to larger shippers who used their rails. However, this practice hurt smaller shippers, including farmers, for often times railroad companies would charge more to ship products short distances than they would for long trips. The rail companies justified this practice by asserting that if they did not rebate, they would not make enough profit to stay in business. In his testimony to the Senate Cullom Committee, George W. Parker stat ed, ...the operating expense of this road...requires a certain volume of business to meet these fixed expenses....in some seasons of the year, the local business of the road...is not sufficient to make the earnings...when we make up a train of ten of fifteen cars of local freight...we can attach fifteen or twenty cars...of strictly through business. We can take the latter at a very low rate than go without it. Later, when asked the consequences of charging local traffic the same rate as through freight, Mr. Parker responded, Bankruptcy, inevitably and speedy.... While the railroads felt that they must use this practice to make a profit, the farmers were justified in complaining, for they were seriously injured by it. A perfect example of this fact can be found in The Octopus by Frank Norris. A farmer named Dyke discovers that the railroad has increased their freight charges from two to five cents a pound. This new rate, ...ate up every cent of his gains. He stood there ruined. (Doc . H). The railroads regularly used rebates and drawbacks to help win the business of large shippers, and made up this loss in profit by increasing the cost to smaller shippers such as farmers. As a result, many farmers, already hurt by the downslide in agriculture, were ruined. Thus, the farmers of the late nineteenth century had a valid complaint against railroad shippers, for these farmers were hurt by the unfair practices of the railroads. Near the end of the nineteenth century, business began to centralize, leading to the rise of monopolies and trusts. Falling prices, along with the need for better efficiency in industry, led to the rise of such companies as Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil, which controlled a majority of the nations supply of raw steel and oil respectively. The rise of these monopolies and trusts concerned many farmers, for they felt that the disappearance of competition would lead to erratic and unreasonable price rises that would hurt consumers. James B. Weaver, the Populist partys presidential candidate in the 1892 election, summed up the feelings of many Americans of the period in his work, A Call to Action: An Interpretation of the Great Uprising. He wrote, It is clear that trusts are...in conflict with the Common law. They

Albert Durer essays

Albert Durer essays Albert Durer was a very great artist. Some people consider him one of the best artists in the Renaissance period, or the best artist of the renaissance period in Germany. He only left Nuremberg three times to visit Venice and the Netherlands. Albrecht Durer was born in Nurembourg in May 21, 1471. His father, Albrecht Durer was a goldsmith, he had come from Germany to Nurembourg in 1455 and married Barbara Holper. Barbara's father was Albrecht's master. Albrecht was his father's third son. He was apprenticed by Michael Wolgumut in 1486 and began to work with woodcuts. He finished his apprentiship with Michael Wolgumut after four years. Than, in 1494, he married Agnes Frey and left Nuremberg to go to Venice the same year. He became very fascinated by their style and worked on woodcuts, drawings, paintings, wood and copper engravings. From that period on, the Italian influence was unmistakable in his work. Since paintings were very costly and not many people could afford them. Durer decided to work on woodcuts so that he could easily create copies of his work. These copies were used to educate people in religious and classical history. In 1507 Durer made another trip to Venice; he stayed there for a year and a half. After he returned, he seemed to have given up painting, and instead spent most of his time to his copper and wood engravings. In 1513 and 1514 he completed his three best-known copper engravings: 'Knight, Death and Devil', 'St. Jerome in His Study', and 'Melancholia'. Durer also researched about the mathematics of proportion and perspective and published two works on this topic during his life. He was a friend of Martin Luther and several other leaders of the Reformation. He died in Nuremberg on April 6, 1528. ...

Author's tone and purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Author's tone and purpose - Essay Example Not even a short one. If that what you are looking for, you don’t want me†. The author other purpose was to show how the short story has been dominated far too long by the novel. The other author meticulously shows this by adeptly using metaphors. Millhauser describes this predominance by metaphorically writing, â€Å"The novel buys up the land, cuts down the trees, puts up the condos.† One of the tones the author of the article has used is tough tone. This tone is captured when Millhauser describes the novel as â€Å"exhaustive by nature, it can hardly contain itself.† Furthermore, Millhauser still captures a tough tone, no doubt, when he writes strongly about the novel â€Å"after all, what difference does it make? It’s nothing but talk.† The other tone the author capture in his work is optimisms. Millhauser demonstrates his sense of optimism by writing optimistically about the short story. Millhauser describes the short story as â€Å"modest in its pretensions, shyly proud of its petite

Marketing research 2210 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing research 2210 - Essay Example It was a black and white television ad with a jingle without music in a heavy feminine gipsy like voice. The visuals comprised of no celebrity association, just the shoes of a person walking. The advertisement had immense recall since the brand was highlighted and there was no celebrity endorsement to overshadow the brand. However, this approach might not be quite as successful in every era. The best way to make this difficult decision would be by making a decision backed by consumer support in form of conducting "Quantitative Market" and "Qualitative Market" research. 1. Ad Tracking: As defined by Young, is a periodic or continuous in-market research to monitor a brand's performance using measures such as brand awareness, brand preference, and product usage." (Young, 2005)( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_research) 4. Cool Hunting :- to make observations and predictions in changes of new or existing cultural trends in areas such as fashion, music, films, television, youth culture and lifestyle (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_research).Nike is a brand for the youth. The advertising campaign should be such that it should focus on the youth , their interests and then the advertising campaign should focus on those interests for example, NIKE can be marketed to all sporty , college going youth. 5. 5. Buyer decision processes research - to determine what motivates people to buy and what decision-making process they use (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_research).For this purpose, an extensive survey can be undertaken in which the customers in the Nike outlets in different regions are asked to fill up a questionnaire with a set of questions. The analysis of this a survey, can help determine a lot many factors that influence buyer behavior. 6. Focus Group: Having a group of customers sit in a panel with the marketing team of the Nike group in order to discuss what the customers are looking for in a athletic shoe brand and what would influence their decision to purchase the most. How would you describe the buying behavior of consumers with respect to athletic foot wear (courtesy:http://www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/buying_decision_process.asp) Above is a diagram that shows the model that the customer follows in making a purchase decision. Shoes are a basic need and thus the buying behavior would be low involvement. However, Nike, the athletic shoes brand, not only satisfies a need but also gives psychological benefits to the consumer. The consumer starts associating himself with the attributes of the Nike brand. The attributes of NIKE can be described as Trendy, Comfortable and Athletic and representing a lifestyle for the young. Thus, for these psychological benefits the customer is willing to pay a higher price for Nike shoes as compared to any other shoes. The second step would be to search out information. For this purpose, the customer would be vulnerable to the information bombardment through various sources including peer pressure, Print advertising, on campus advertising(in

The Psychology Underlying The Narrative Strategy English Literature Essay

The Psychology Underlying The Narrative Strategy English Literature Essay Robert Louis Stevensons novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a great illustration of how different disciplines of education are intertwined. Although this novel is used in many English courses, it could also be used in a Psychology course more specifically, an Abnormal Psychology course. On the surface, Dr. Jekyll is clearly suffering from dissociative identity disorder, more commonly known as a split personality. He alternates between the personalities of himself and his evil half, Mr. Hyde; however, below the surface there is another way this novel relates to Psychology. Dr. Sigmund Freud, a very notorious psychologist from the Victorian Era from which this novel is written, proposed a theory called Psychoanalytic Theory. This theory suggests the notion that the unconscious is split into three dimensions: the ego, the id, and the superego. Each of these dimensions represents one of the main characters in this novel. The narrative strategy in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is effective because it offers the perspectives of the three main characters, Dr. Hastie Lanyon, Dr. Jekyll/Mr. Hyde, and Mr. Gabriel Utterson, which stimulates all parts of the unconscious making the novel appealing to all types of people. Dr. Hastie Lanyon represents the ego of the story which Freud describes as the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle (McCann, and Weiten 523). Lanyon is very much a realist. He speaks dismissively of Dr. Jekylls experiments describing them as  unscientific balderdash (Stevenson, 38). Lanyons dominant ego also makes him very skeptical. An instance that shows this characteristic is when he is following instructions to gather the contents of Dr. Jekylls drawer. Upon finding the contents, Dr. Lanyon says, Here were a phial of some tincture, a paper of some salt, and the record of a series of experiments that had led (like too many of Jekylls investigations) to no end of practical usefulness (Stevenson, 73). Dr. Lanyon seriously doubts the value of the work of his former colleague, Dr. Jekyll. His letter which shows his point of view of the events involving Dr. Jekyll/Mr. Hyde shows the cynical side of the story which stimulates the re aders own ego by allowing them to question the plausibility of the events that occur in this mysterious novel. Dr. Jekylls alternate personality, Hyde, represents the id, which according to Freud, is the primitive, instinctive component that operates according to the pleasure principle (McCann, and Weiten 523). Hyde is described as a troglodyte. This is basically defined as a primitive or caveman-like creature. Hyde is described as a short and hideous man that repulses everyone that crosses his path. The id can also be thought of as the devil on your shoulder that gives bad advice just to satisfy the here and now instincts of the unconscious. Evil is always described as inferior to good and the way Dr. Jekylls clothes are too big for Hyde correlates with this outlook. The id has a very powerful negative influence over the unconscious mind just as Hyde is very negatively influential over Dr. Jekylls personality. According to Freud there is always an internal conflict going on inside the unconscious sectors of the mind between the evil id and the good ego. An example of how this conflict arises in the novel is when Hyde murders Sir Danvers Carew. This shows how the id, Hyde, overpowers the ego-like, or good, Mr. Carew for no obvious reason other than it was something to do that would please him at that very moment. The perspective of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde presented through the letter at the end of the novel shows the reader how the id can sometimes overpower the rest of the unconscious and can also counter the attitude of the ego or Dr. Lanyon, therefore stimulating the readers id. Mr. Gabriel Utterson represents the last component of the unconscious, the superego. Freud describes this this part as, the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong (McCann, and Weiten 523). The superego acts as a mediator between the instinctive urges of the id and the realistic impulses of the ego. Mr. Utterson represents a perfect Victorian gentleman. He is polite and follows societys norms but his persistent investigations show that he cannot ignore the fact that something unnatural is going on with his friend, Dr. Jekyll. Although the three main characters were once best friends, after Dr. Lanyon decided that Dr. Jekylls experiments were too peculiar and later declaring to Mr. Utterson, Jekyll became too fanciful for me. He began to go wrong, wrong in mind (Stevenson, 38), Mr. Utterson became a mutual friend or the mediator between the other two gentlemen. The way the novel is structured, having Mr. Uttersons perspec tive contribute to the bulk of it, is effective because it is a midway point for the reader. It allows the readers own superego to mediate the events that occur regarding Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. It is interesting to see what can be uncovered when different areas of education are applied to one another. Through the research of Dr. Sigmund Freud, one is able to relate the psychology of the unconscious mind to the behaviour, motives, and opinions of the characters Dr. Lanyon, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Mr. Utterson in Robert Louis Stevensons novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. This novel is remarkable because the author chose a creative way to narrate so that every person that reads the novel, no matter if they are dominated by their unconscious ego, id, or superego, they will be able to relate to at least one of the main characters. The narration technique of this novel is significant because it stimulates each region of the unconscious mind and allows the reader to separately evaluate the views of each of the three main characters which, in turn, eliminates bias.