Marketing Mix and the Brand Reputation of Nokia Free Essays

string(87) separation and expanding the equivalent towards a particular item class is easier. Market Forces April 2008 Vol. 4 No. Advertising MIX BRAND RESEARCH MARKETING MIX AND THE BRAND REPUTATION OF NOKIA SYED EHTESHAM ALI College of Management Sciences PAF-Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology E-mail: s_ehtesham_ali@hotmail. We will compose a custom paper test on Advertising Mix and the Brand Reputation of Nokia or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now com Abstract Pakistan’s cell phone advertise is becoming exceptionally quick. The most selling brand in the market is Nokia. A theory was built up that the notoriety of a brand is a wellspring of interest and the seriously unrivaled quality picture legitimizes a top notch cost. In this overview we evaluated the explanations behind inclination of this brand dependent on built up boundaries of advertising blend (the 4 Ps). The target of this examination was to quantify the degree of inclination of these boundaries. For this reason a survey was created and controlled to 240 respondents. The other speculation that at any rate one of the indicator factors would have a direct relationship with the reliant variable brand notoriety was acknowledged. R? is 0. 53, which demonstrates that about 53% of the minor departure from the reliant variable is clarified by the indicator variable, which is fundamentally moderate. Among all the autonomous factors the slant for the item quality and advancement (promoting correspondence) were higher than the rest. Relapse coefficients for item quality and advancement (promoting correspondence) were 0. 95 and 0. 85 individually. This implies an expansion in one rating (on the size of five to one) of item quality and advancement (publicizing correspondence) would cause brand notoriety to increment by 0. 95 and 0. 85 rating separately. 1. 0. 0 OBJECTIVE: The goal of this investigation was to quantify how components of showcasing blend and their relationship influence the brand notoriety of Nokia cell phone. In spite of the fact that the advertising blend idea, for example, item, value, spot and advancement are significant in breaking down the promoting technique, the extent of the examination was fundamentally MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 15 MARKETING MIX BRAND RESEARCH concentrated on one part of brand value I. e. brand notoriety, a definitive impression of the right mix of all showcasing blend. 1. 1. 0 LITERATURE SURVEY 1. 1. 0 Brand Branding has an antiquated history. It could be followed back to the occasions when the antiquated Egypt block producers used to stepped images on the blocks for recognizable proof and qualification purposes (Farghuhar 1990). Nilson (1998) then again found that antiquated ranchers used to put images on the dairy cattle with the assistance of hot iron, which implied consuming. The word brand has been gotten from the Scandinavian word â€Å"branna† that way to consume. In Swedish language the word â€Å"brand†, implies fire. Along these lines when a maker put a few imprints or images on their item it will come in the class of marking (Nilson 1998). One of the upsides of solid brand name is that its aides in infiltrating in another market or another market class. Globalization has made colossal brand mindfulness and this mindfulness isn't reliant on the accessibility of the items. Czinkota Ronkainen 2001). For instance in Pakistan, brands, for example, for example, McDonald, Pizza Hut and KFC had exceptionally solid mindfulness even before they opened their establishments in Pakistan. 1. 2. 0 Brand Equity Brand value is a connection among clients and brands bringing about a benefit to be acknow ledged sometime not too far off (Wood 2000). Kotler and Armstrong (1996) were of the sentiment that estimating brand value is a dreary activity. All things considered a ground-breaking brand implies high brand value that helps in accomplishing ‘higher brand unwaveringness, name mindfulness, saw quality, and solid brand associations’. A portion of the significant advantages of brand value are brand mindfulness and buyer unwaveringness which helps in decreasing advertising costs. Brand is a significant value; along these lines, it ought to be deliberately saved by embracing methodologies that would help in keeping up or improving brand mindfulness, saw brand quality and positive affiliations. (Kotler Armstrong 1996) Ambler and Styles (1997) are of the supposition that brand value could be estimated from two points of view. One is â€Å"financial assessment approach† and the other is â€Å"consumer-based approach†. The budgetary assessment approach is identified with the money related estimation of the brand, and the buyer put together methodology centers with respect to the brand itself that is how much worth the shoppers provide for the brand. Brand value is likewise considered as a gathered benefit that could be acknowledged sometime not too far off. The brand value idea can likewise create turmoil, in view of trouble in estimating it (Ambler Styles 1997). MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 16 MARKETING MIX BRAND RESEARCH Importance of brand value requests requirement for increasingly pragmatic experience and near exploration to pass judgment and approve the convenience of brand assessment techniques (Farquhar 1990). The ongoing merger and procurement pattern has likewise expanded the significance of estimating brand value (Tauber 1988). The job of brands is presently a long ways past item separation or going after piece of the overall industry. They are aggregated annuities which the firm can procure from its accounting report (Tauber 1998). Firms could have a solid serious edge over contenders in the event that they could make brand value ‘through building mindfulness, picture, and connecting associations’ (Keller 1998). A more grounded brand would consistently have a superior comprehension of requirements, needs, and inclinations of customers than the brands that are not serious. Hence more grounded brands would help in making compelling showcasing programs that could go past customer desires. (Keller 1998). Brand value since most recent multi decade has stayed famous for pulling in new market portions (Pitta Katsanis, 1995). This wonder of brand value has harmonized with the recently developed yet similarly well known marvel of brand expansion (Ambler Styles 1997). Exploration shows a two path connection between brand value and augmentation. A brand’s value could impact the accomplishment of augmentations, and expansions could emphatically impact brand’s value. The outcome is that profoundly esteemed brand expansions are increasingly effective. Shoppers will in general pick those brands that have solid brand value. This makes solid brand dependability, and would make it hard for the clients to change to the contenders. Brand position of a firm is unequivocally subject to the positive picture of brands. Solid brands are a significant wellspring of separation and expanding the equivalent towards a particular item class is simpler. You read Promoting Mix and the Brand Reputation of Nokia in class Papers Successful brand permits firms to request significant expenses and are a wellspring of obstruction which makes it hard for buyers to change to different brands (Pitta Katsanis 1995. 1. 3. 0 BRAND REPUTATION: According to Aaker (1991, 1996) and Kapferer (1997) the two organizations and customers are attentive over the brand notoriety of what they sell or purchase. Each brand speaks to particular qualities, makes an unmistakable profile in the br ains of the clients in regard to a big motivator for it. For instance in refreshment industry Coca-cola represents â€Å"refreshing† and in vehicle industry Volvo brand is seen for â€Å"safety and comfort†. Correspondingly in the portable business Sony Ericsson is ready as â€Å"music and entertainment† and so forth. Globalization and trend setting innovation have made the market increasingly serious, in this way firms, presently, are more brand touchy. They have seen that the purchaser inclinations have become homogenous as a result of globalization and the spread of innovation. In this way, both the merchants MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 17 MARKETING MIX BRAND RESEARCH and purchasers are focusing on the brand notoriety as far as what they are purchasing and selling. A shopper during his lifetime experiences a progression of regularly changing conditions and circumstances. Subsequently his image inclination shifts with his evolving needs. The brand characteristics or highlights must fit to consumers’ need to keep up a continuous lasting relationship with the brand. The shoppers need to have a trust in their favored brands for kept contribution of the ideal advantages. As per Browne (1998), if organizations neglect to guarantee a dependable, stable brand notoriety, the brand’s development and piece of the overall industry will be influenced. Along these lines a brand notoriety is the picture of predominant quality and included worth, which legitimize a superior cost. A trustworthy brand is a solid resource, which profits by a serious extent of unwaveringness and solidness for future deals (Kapferer 1997). Extreme objectives of exceptionally presumed brands ought to be to reinforce their picture. Low selling brands with low notoriety should concentrate on fitting their advertising blend and fixing the general picture issue (Baldinger Rubinson 1996). Firms managing versatile handset are likewise worried about the notoriety of their brands, and how this would influence their global piece of the pie. Rivalry among the versatile organizations has constrained them to make a brand notoriety in customers’ minds. The cell phone industry is involved generally multinationals and has money related favorable circumstances in their cost structure. This preferred position isn't accessible to their simply local partners (Kapferer, 1997). Brand notoriety in the cell phone industry is getting urgent for consumers’ buying practices. Worldly and Lee (2001) contend that amazing brands are the ones that are based on notoriety and this won't change, yet would acquire significance later on. Up Shaw (1995), concurs and guarantees that marking is the specialty of trust creation and in this manner it is basic for organizations to fabricate a legitimate personality so as to keep up

Is Export oriented industrialization indispensable for economic growth

Is Export arranged industrialization vital for monetary development Presentation One of the key markers, of monetary improvement of a nation, is its degree of industrialization. That is, the same number of exact examinations demonstrated the primary explanation behind expanded dissimilarity in expectations for everyday comforts between the propelled nations and the creating nations is their degree of industrialization. This being the reality, it is simply after decolonization and end of world War II that, creating nations deliberately embraced industrialization techniques for financial advancement purposes and as an answer, from their defenseless reliance on fare of hardly any essential items and import of high esteemed fabricated merchandise (Brisbane, 1980). The low terms of exchange universal market for essential products from previous provinces and the assurance to escape serious destitution and register continued development, were the principle purposes behind the expansion of the restricted structure of the pilgrim economy. Industrialization is valuable for creating nations for some, reasons including the accompanying (I) it decreases their defenseless reliance; (ii) it accelerates their monetary development process; (iii) it modernize the economy through overflow or externalities impacts related with industrialization, from cutting edge nations; (iv) make greater work for the immense populace in rustic agrarian area and quicken pay development which is utilized as a way to re-convey salary to the ruined masses; and (v) produce progressively remote money through fare which lessens equalization of installment issues (Brisbane, 1980). As Brisbane clarified, to industrialize, creating nations embraced import replacement procedures from around 1945 to the 1970s. Import replacement technique is intended to create scarcely any extravagance buyer merchandise for local utilization behind an extremely high levy divider. In any case, most nations which followed the import replacement system fizzled, to meet the objective of industrialization, while breathtaking development and advancement was accounted for from creating nations that sought after a fare arranged technique, during the 1970s. Characterized just, send out arranged Industrialization (EOI) frequently named as fare drove industrialization (ELI) is an approach intended to accelerate the industrialization procedure of a nation through trading merchandise for which the country has a similar preferred position. This strategy expects nations to open up their household market to outside rivalry consequently to gaining admittance to universal market. So as to advance EOI and at last financial turn of events, reciprocal approaches according to duties, exchange, conversion scale, and others should be embraced and utilized. This paper will fundamentally inspect how fare arranged industrialization is basic for monetary development in creating nations, on the off chance that it tends to be upheld up by proper approaches on exchange, mechanical strategy and swapping scale strategy, designed for that reason. The paper additionally contends that fare arranged industrialization has its own downsides. Subsequently, the article is organized as follows: In segment 2, It the paper examinations the essentialness of approaches on the working of EOI, especially: exchange strategy, mechanical arrangement and conversion scale strategy that creating nations need to embrace and distinguishes regions where government mediation is expected to bring monetary turn of events. It at that point clarifies the downsides of fare situated industrialization, on trade reliance nations, in Section 3. At that point area 4, experimentally inspects how EOI adds to financial turn of events and the ends are introduced in segment 5. 2. Hugeness of Policies on EOI The job of corresponding approaches for adequacy of fare situated industrialization is irrefutable. This paper centers essentially around how exchange, modern and conversion scale strategies can bolster EOI strategy. 2.1 Trade strategy: Suitable exchange strategy is one of the key apparatuses utilized for viable of fare arranged industrialization and for monetary turn of events, all in all. That is, the better exchange strategy a nation has, the better possibility it has for mechanical broadening, making esteem included items and getting more salary from send out. Hypothetical setting: Regardless of whether, there has been little accord on the connection among exchange and short-to medium - term financial development and even less on its job in long haul monetary turn of events. The standard of similar bit of leeway, which recommend nations to practice with respect to their factor blessing, first portrayed by David Ricardo, frames the hypothetical reason for conventional exchange hypothesis and gives the method of reasoning to organized commerce. The standard expresses that regardless of whether a nation created all merchandise more efficiently than different nations, it would profit by having some expertise in the fare of its moderately least expensive great (or the positive qualities where it has a relative advantage)(Murray Gibbs 2007, p. 10). What's more, some traditional financial specialists accepted that the chief base for this standard is the distinction in factor enrichments among nations decide the overall expense of creation. Be that as it may, this conventional hypothesis from traditional business analysts has been tested as it doesnt clarify well the genuine exchange designs and as the hypothesis has unreasonable presumptions, similar to consummate rivalry, full work and so forth (Murray Gibbs 2007). Notwithstanding the unreasonable suspicions, in genuine circumstances the hypothesis favors propelled nations, and creating nations scarcely advantage anything from it. The dubious Singer Prebisch proposition, likewise clarified this circumstance by expressing that the middle gets all the advantages of universal exchange while the outskirts gets nothing, which restricts to the Ricardian Theory of Comparative Advantage. He contended: given the distinctions in the current financial, beneficial and work showcase structures between the fringe and the middle (in the use of innovation in exchanged products and in the market structures; oligopoly versus serious) less-created nations can't profit by universal marke t, in the event that they embrace near favorable position principle (Todaro and Smith 2009).This is on the grounds that creating nations typically produce and fare essential items which have lower terms of exchange. What's more, the degree for expansion is excessively tight, and these conditions put creating nations to have defenseless reliance on worldwide market. Accordingly, in contrast to the old style financial specialists static similar favorable position principle, dynamic relative bit of leeway is a superior alternative for creating nations. This is on the grounds that as more advancement, innovation, capital, and different prerequisites for industrializations are met and as industrialization occurs in creating nations, it will be simpler to enhance their financial structure, as made merchandise have preferred terms of exchange over essential items. Skarstein (2007) in his paper Free Trade: A Dead End for Underdeveloped Economies,criticized the similar favorable position principle. He contended, what makes a difference most in global exchange is the total favorable position that nations receive in return than a similar preferred position. Also, observational confirmations show that the conventions of similar preferred position and organized commerce advantage the propelled nations as it were. This is chiefly in light of the fact that the conventions are probably going to prohibit worldwide learning among nations. Especially, the WTO understanding, Trade related protected innovation rights (TRIPS), which is a major test creating nations to procure innovation, expertise and universal gaining from the remainder of the world. He additionally contended, for an exchange strategy to work viably, creating nations need to ensure that, this arrangement is all around incorporated with their mechanical approach. Also, notwithstanding these, creating nations need to get support from cutting edge nations, through decreased import levies for merchandise from creating nations and by allowing creating nations to secure their enterprises and to get simple access to worldwide market. He likewise focused on that, creating nations need to guarantee that food security is kept up in their nations, as it protects them from their remote record, equalization of installment issues too. Along these lines, legislatures of creating nations need to secure farming creation for utilization. Along these lines, while planning arrangements, creating nations need to think about the dynamic relative favorable position or outright bit of leeway choices. What's more, they additionally need to consider how their monetary joining to the world economy ought to be on the side of EOI. 2.2 Industrial approach: An appropriate mechanical approach is likewise another significant apparatus for powerful fare situated industrialization, as a countrys industrialization relies upon how singular local firms are ensured. This is on the grounds that, it is singular firms that advance and outfit innovative change and contend on the planet advertise (Suranovic, 2002). The fundamental approach part of modern arrangement for creating nations is Infant industry assurance. It is a vital condition, in light of the fact that recently rising firms in creating nations need some approach to assist them with becoming solid and to protect them from interruption of remote firms in their market, that negatively affect their development. Newborn child businesses in creating nations can essentially be ensured through import duty instrument, which decrease imports from the remainder of the world and raises request and creation of local item. This assurance empowers the residential firms to take care of their higher creation costs and to stay in business. Contingent upon the idea of the firm, newborn child industry assurance system will assist the household firms with producing productively and to be equipped in global markets. Be that as it may, so as to utilize the newborn child industry assurance strategy as a device for send out arranged industrialization, administration of creating nations need to have dependable data about what industry to secure, how

Biological Rights Essay -- essays research papers

Organic Rights What is a parent? A parent is somebody who will love and sustain a youngster, and help shape it into as well as can be expected be. At any rate that is the thing that society might want to accept. In the event that somebody embraces a youngster, does that make the person in question any to a lesser extent a parent? Is it impractical that they will adore that youngster all the more then its natural parent could? Tragically, when selection is last some organic guardians attempt to battle for their youngster back. This can just carry disarray into the child’s life period. Tearing a kid away from the guardians it knows, is a remorseless, undesirable and indecent act. Each state has their own arrangement of laws concerning selection. The one section that each state shifts the most is the â€Å"Waiting Period†. The â€Å"Waiting Period† starts when the two arrangements of guardians sign papers meaning the start of the selection. â€Å"Typically, the holding up period closes a half year after the youngster is set in the home. The transitory announcement is supplanted by a last one. The most significant component of this declaration is that it is conclusive. The natural guardians currently have no lawful relationship to the child.†{Bolles 94} Some organic guardians, in any case, simply don't get that. They battle to recover their youngster, that they so energetically surrendered. They don’t care about the sentiments of the youngster, just their own needs that they want to fulfill. â€Å"Children are contrasted with property rather then a person†.{Bolles 36} These kids, who live with the new parents, who are presentl y in ...

Application 5.1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application 5.1 - Assignment Example With an estimated level of 85, the Northern and Southern American based sellers encourage the business utilizing the made system (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 100). The organization has extended its activities by getting a few retail outlets situated in Berlin, New York, London, Hamburg, Munich and New Jersey. The show bank program is the fundamental company’s system that fuses the utilization of neighborhood and worldwide based vendors to convey their items. It permits neighborhood and worldwide specialists who have hit their imprint in their callings to survey various pianos in the outlets and pick one that best suits their necessities. With the show banks loaded with in excess of 300 pianos situated in excess of 160 unique urban areas, the organization significantly profits by its commitment with these fruitful craftsmen (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). It can showcase a portion of its brands utilizing the name of the entertainer who is freely known. Various masterful abilities are combined so as to think of a fantastic Steinway show piano. Various strategies have been detailed anyway the procedure has kept up is essential beginning procedures since they have consistently delivered perceptible outcomes. In excess of 12000 pieces of the excellent piano must be handmade before they are flawlessly fit to one another to finish the entire riddle. The uniqueness of these pieces emerge from the various sorts of tones, sound and contact joined in every one of the pieces (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). Various exercises are fused during the creation of the piano, for example, wood drying, parts-production lastly the piano-production tasks. Before the piano is set to be shown and sold, the producers experience a last stage which is tone guideline. They are tuned to voice the Steinway sound as an exceptional type of character (Cummings, Thomas and Worley 101). Steinway has demonstrated its prevalence in the fabulous piano market by securing amazing business sector

Effects of The Pleistocene Epoch on Colorado Essay -- Glaciers Nature

Impacts of The Pleistocene Epoch on Colorado Presentation Icy masses are an indispensable piece of the world’s atmosphere. Actually, as Richard Armstrong of the University of Colorado says, â€Å"Glaciers are key markers in checking and recognizing atmosphere change† (Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, 2003, p. 1). In addition to the fact that they are a significant piece of observing current atmosphere, they can hold numerous keys to the past. Icy masses are truth be told, â€Å"a wellspring of paleoclimate data†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Meier and Dyurgerov, 1980, p. 37). This paleoclimate information can give geologists data on the conditions that were available at the hour of the icy masses birth, just as the surmised age. This has a significant job in the geologic time size of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. These Glaciers assumed a job in the cutting of the current day Rocky Mountains in Colorado, which will be the essential focal point of this paper. Furthermore, cold arrangements will be talked about to give the peruser foundation data an d the eventual fate of the Glaciers in Colorado will close this paper. Icy mass FORMATION AND TYPES A decent depiction of an ice sheet is given by Jim Wickwire in his book â€Å"Addicted to Danger.† In it he says, â€Å"A icy mass is anything but a fixed, strong thing. It streams like a waterway, with ebbs and flows, a few sections smooth, others rough† (Wickwire, 1998, p. 1). This happens to oblige Webster’s definition, in that an icy mass must be moving, either in light of gravity or on the grounds that it’s spreading out underneath itself because of extra collections. (Meeriam-Webster, 2000, p. 493). Ice sheets can be characterized into numerous classes. First they are separated into either Alpine or Continental. Snow capped icy masses are those that are found in hilly areas and Continental, for example, Greenland,... ...K.W. Watchman: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, Denver, CO, p. 165-173. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (tenth Ed): 2000, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, Springfield, Massachusetts, p 493. Plummer, C.C., McGeary, D., and Carlson, D.H., 2003, Physical geography (tenth Ed.): McGraw-Hill, Boston, 580 p. Ã…Å"ibrava, V., Bowmen, D.Q., and Richmond, G.M, 1986, Quaternary glaciations in the northern side of the equator; report of the International Geological Correlation Program, Project 24 (International Union of Geological Sciences and UNESCO): Pergamon Press, Oxford, New York, 514 p. College of Colorado, Boulder, August 11, 2003, NASA finances Colorado University at Boulder investigation of changes in Earth’s ice sheet frameworks in Ascribe Science News Service: pNa, p 1. Wickwire, J., and Bullitt, D., 1998, Addicted to peril: Pocket Books, New York, 332 p.

The Hollywood Life A Reading List

The Hollywood Life A Reading List This round of the  Riot Recommendation is sponsored by  Actors Anonymous  by James Franco. The actors in James Franco’s brilliant debut novel include a McDonald’s drive-thru operator who spends his shift trying on accents; an ex-child star recalling a massive beachside bacchanal; hospital volunteers and Midwestern transplants; a vampire flick starlet who discovers a cryptic book written by a famous actor gone AWOL; and the ghost of River Phoenix. Then there’s Franco himself, who prowls backstage, peering out between the lines-before taking the stage with fascinating meditations on his art, along with nightmarish tales of excess. “Hollywood has always been a private club,” he writes. “I open the gates. I say welcome. I say,  Look inside.” Told in a dizzying array of styles-from lyric essays and disarming testimonials to hilariously rambling text messages and ghostly footnotes-and loosely modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous’s  Twelve  Steps  and  Twelve Traditions,Actors Anonymous  is an intense, wild ride into the dark heart of celebrity. _________________________ Readers have been fascinated by celebrity since long before TMZ was a glimmer in Harvey Levin’s eye. Hollywoodâ€"the glamor, the scandals, the scads of beautiful peopleâ€"captures the imagination and just begs to be the backdrop for all kinds of stories. In this Riot Rec, we asked you to share your favorite novels about Hollywood and celebrity. You came up with quite a list! _________________________ Fiction The Day of the Locust by Nathaniel West The Love Song of Jonny Valentine  by Teddy Wayne The Next Best Thing  by Jennifer Weiner Beautiful Ruins  by Jess Walter Valley of the Dolls   by Jacqueline Susann The Last Tycoon  by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Player  by Michael Tolkin Hollywood  by Charles Bukowski Until I Find You  by John Irving The Loved One  by Evelyn Waugh Postcards from the Edge  by Carrie Fisher Laura Lamonts Life in Pictures  by Emma Straub Hollywood Wives  by Jackie Collins Drama Tales From Hollywood   by Christopher Hampton Sweet Bird of Youth  by Tennessee Williams Nonfiction   Hollywood Animal and  The Devils Guide to Hollywood  by Joe Eszterhas The Kid Stays In The Picture by Robert Evans Youll Never Eat Lunch in This Town Again by Julia Phillips Bring on the Empty Horses  and  The Moons a Balloon    by David Niven Kay Thompson: From Funny Face to Eloise  by Sam Irvin Mommie Dearest by Christina Crawford The Kid Stays in the Picture  by Robert Evans __________________________ Sign up for our newsletter  to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every week. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis,  follow us on Twitter,  like us  on Facebook,  and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in  iTunes  or via  RSS.  So much bookish goodnessâ€"all day, every day.

The Best Way to Save for College Live Qa Event

In this Q&A event, Savingforcollege.com's Brian Boswell and Putnam Investment's Judy Minsk answer all your biggest questions about saving and paying for college. View the recording below to learn more about tuition costs, how to set realistic savings goals and the benefits of 529 plans. Have a question that wasn't covered during the event? Check out the Savingforcollege.com Forum, where parents, grandparents and financial professionals share ideas and strategies for college financing. In this Q&A event, Savingforcollege.com's Brian Boswell and Putnam Investment's Judy Minsk answer all your biggest questions about saving and paying for college. View the recording below to learn more about tuition costs, how to set realistic savings goals and the benefits of 529 plans. Have a question that wasn't covered during the event? Check out the Savingforcollege.com Forum, where parents, grandparents and financial professionals share ideas and strategies for college financing.

Fire Causes Mental Illness in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea

Almost anyone that has had the misfortune of enduring an early childhood traumatic experience will readily admit that it has had lasting effects on his life. A traumatic occurrence at an early time in ones life will not only change the persons way of thinking, but it will also alter the relationships that this person has with certain people, places, or things. Normally comfortable settings will suddenly become extremely uncomfortable. People that the child was once at great ease with unexpectedly are transformed into completely different people in the childs eyes. For an adult, traumatic experiences are easier to handle, at least in my opinion. But for a child, going through a tragic event could completely destroy the type of†¦show more content†¦With 71 people being affected by fires at home everyday, it is easy to see that Antoinette Masons fate was not that unlikely. A more specific method of explaining Antoinette Masons condition is to discuss the mental state known as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Naomi Breslau states that one of the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a numbing of affect and avoidance of thoughts, acts, and situations that represent the trauma (Breslau 924). In Wide Sargasso Sea, Antoinette clearly shows this type of symptom. In her last dream described by Rhys, Antoinette sees the pool at Coulibri (Rhys 112). This obviously shows that Antoinette can only deal with her past at Coulibri in her dreams, and not in reality. When Antoinette is walking down the hallway at Thornfied, she says Now at last I know why I was brought here and what I have to do (Rhys 112). At this particular point in the novel, it is clearly evident that Antoinette is simply recreating the tragic event that she was forced to endure during her childhood at Coulibri. The fact that she has a mental illness basically allows her to start the fire without having an actual flashback to the fire she suffered during her youth. It is certain that the fire at Coulibri was the chief cause of Antoinettes madness. However, more can be revealed about her with a closer examination of the burning of Coulibri and the fire she set at Thornfield Hall. At Coulibri, the blaze, started by family

My Personal Leadership Philosophy, Leadership, And Ownership

1. My personal leadership philosophy is â€Å"Leadership through personal example and ownership†. Throughout my career I have served with several leaders that inspired me and solidified this philosophy in me. LCDR Fritz Kuebler was one of those mentors and continues to be a source of inspiration. He could always be looked to for how to handle difficult situations. When faced with adversity or a leadership challenge he could be seen taking a few brief moments to internally analyze and then issue a decision for a team to follow. While many did not see this brief pause, as an aspiring leader I could observe this habit. As his Command Chief I had unprecedented access to him and often asked about certain issues that were facing the command. I asked him about these moments prior to his decisions and he revealed the true nature of this process. During the few seconds before his orders he quickly analyzed three things. How will his decision affect the mission, how will it impact tho se who follow his orders, and how can he own failures should they present themselves. 2. Leadership is an ever evolving practice for leaders as they progress in an organization and reviews of performance (by observers) gives insight into individual progress. As leaders develop in an organizations structure habits developed throughout a career can cause stagnant growth through inward personal observations. Without input from outside sources, through measurable observations, personal growth is slowed andShow MoreRelatedMy Leadership Philosophy Of Leadership843 Words   |  4 PagesMy Leadership Philosophy ‘Leadership is the subjective. But its foundation stems from one thing: the ability of an individual to establish a following among other individuals or teams.† (Post, 2017) There is no true 1 way to lead. My leadership philosophy is subjective. Each situation, individual, and/or team dictates which of the 30 leadership behaviors we should pay more attention to during that particular time. The 5 personal values that are most valuable to me and guide my leadership philosophyRead MorePersonal Leadership Through Personal Example And Ownership889 Words   |  4 PagesMy personal leadership philosophy is â€Å"Leadership through personal example and ownership†. Throughout my career, I have served with several leaders that inspired me and solidified this philosophy in me. CDR Fritz Kuebler was one of those mentors and continues to be a source of inspiration. He could always be looked to for how to handle difficult situations. When faced with adversity or a leadersh ip challenge he could be seen taking a few brief moments to internally analyze and then issue a decisionRead MoreLao Tzu Leadership Influences1069 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame aware of this quote several years ago and it has been a source of encouragement throughout my Coast Guard career. The title of lord is inherited or given as a positional power granted by landowners. The Chief is chosen by the people to make the right decisions for their advantage. It is an earned position of trust. Based on my interpretation of Lao Tzu’s quote, my definition of leadership is to have others follow by choice not by mere power. A person cannot rule by force given to themRead MoreMy Leadership Philosophy Of Leadership1550 Words   |  7 Pagesof leadership. In order to develop my leadership philosophy, I needed to describe leadership in my own words. Simply put, leadership is taking ownership, setting a positive example, and motivating those in your unit to follow your lead. In add ition to understanding leadership, the USAF core values and personal experiences have helped shape my leadership philosophy: Moral courage – commitment to achieving organizational greatness through teamwork, caring, and trust. Since childhood, my familyRead MoreThe Nine Leadership Styles The Following Styles1195 Words   |  5 PagesUpon review of the nine leadership styles the following styles: ______ mostly closely mirror my personal perspective. Each of these leadership philosophies has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, each is congruent with what I believe is necessary to craft the ideal leader. Through the combined usage of these styles I strive to emulate the wholesomeness of leadership as I am continuously exposed to the nuances experienced by leaders. Furthermore, they are in unison with theRead MoreMy Personal Leadership Philosophy Of Leadership1214 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Leadership is an influential word: and its meaning may differ from person to person. Some describe leadership as the people in the highest and most powerful positions within an organization. But as I look back on the positions I have held and the people I would consider leaders, the people I would choose to follow, they were not necessarily the higher ranked people in the organization. They were the people with vision and moral compass who moved the company forward. These peopleRead MoreThe Importance of Employee Empowement Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pagesas employee empowerment. Employee empowerment can be described as being a push of the authority to make decisions down to the frontline employees. Rather than responding to the orders they are given, these employees accomplish results by taking personal responsibility of their duties. â€Å"Cultures that support empowerment encourage managers to be facilitators, catalysts, coaches, developers and enablers of others rather than just decision making authorities† (McCrimmon Ph.D., 2011). In today’s businessRead MorePersonal Leadership Assumptions, Values And Integrity1710 Words   |  7 PagesColorado State University Personal Leadership Philosophy Paper BUS 620 – Leadership Teams, Fall 2014 Jessica Burch SC - Margot Ganster October 8, 2014 PERSONAL LEADERSHIP ASSUMPTIONS, VALUES AND INTEGRITY My thoughts, assumptions and personal values on leadership have developed over many years, simply holding the title as leader or manager is much more than being able to actually lead, and this ability is not a quality that everyone has, good bad or indifferentRead MoreThe Key Principles Of My Personal Leadership Philosophy1484 Words   |  6 PagesA leadership philosophy is something that is in constant development. According to Dr. Sosic, an individual’s leadership philosophy evolves as new life events influence and change the individual’s view of the world. If a person sees or experiences something in practice, he believes to be in-line with his own values; he should adapt it to his own personal leadership philosophy. Major Jonathan Sawtelle, in his book Resilient Effective Adaptable Leadership talks about how a â€Å"shared purpose must beRead MoreLeadership Philosophy : A Leader s Employees, And Growth Of The Organization1595 Words   |  7 PagesA clear leade rship philosophy is important to the success of a leader, development of the leader’s employees, and growth of the organization. As a future leader, I will explore my own leadership philosophy built on the principles of integrity, openness, and humility. I will discuss the importance of creating an environment that fosters mutual respect, recognizes each individual’s potential, and inspires success. Using my own philosophy as a guide, I will discuss and analyze the approach a commander

The Cons of Animal Testing Essay - 1339 Words

At this moment, millions of animals know cold cages in laboratories as home, but why? Some of these animals are subjects for medical research purposes, while others are used out of pure curiosity and to test different products. Majority of these animals are used in painful experiments and are left in agony. While many of them die, a few animals survive, but these unfortunate ones wish they could be put out of their misery as well. Although scientists have resources they could use to lower the pain each animal endures and even alternatives of their test subjects, millions of innocent creatures are still suffering. The fact that animals are still used when animal experimentation is avoidable and not necessary makes animal testing unethical.†¦show more content†¦That is why people encourage scientists to analyze their entire experiment before they go through with it. Scientists should also be able to justify the use of a number of animals in a specific experiment. Researchers n eed to be able to prove animals were absolutely needed for the experiment because many scientists have become uncertain about the reliability of the results fashioned by tests performed on animals. Results produced by an animal do not accurately determine how a human will react due to differences between their bodily processes, structure, and digestion. Although there are similarities between humans and animals, there are also many differences. Animals and humans with the same health problem may not have the same symptoms. How can an experiment on a rat to test a cancer drug show how a human with cancer will respond to the same treatment when people themselves react differently to identical cancer treatments? In fact the American Anti-Vivisection Society (2013) projects nine out of ten drugs that help animals in experiments are unsuccessful when tested on humans (Scientific Limitations of Using Animals section, para 1). It is dangerous to apply these drugs to humans. Not only is mon ey wasted on experiments that fall short of a cure, but people waiting to be healed are dying when that money could be used on more promising tests. The National Anti-Vivisection Society (2012) declares scientists have made it a routine toShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing937 Words   |  4 PagesAbout Animal Testing? Kaylee Smith 9-6-2017 AGR 199 Introduction and Background Not very many people think about the fact that a majority of the products they buy have been tested on animals, let alone animal testing in general. Animal testing has been going on for many years, with the use of dogs, cats, mice, rabbits, mini pigs, and farm animals. When someone brings up animal testing there usually is an argument about the pros and cons. Many people are against it because the animals are beingRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Each year in USA laboratories more then 100 million animals are burned, poisoned and lamed (Top 5 Shocking Animal Experimentation Facts). Each year scientists use animals in order to progress, to improve life of people and animals. However, many testing animals suffer and die. But others do not agree and support the fact that we should use animals because of advance. So what are advantages and disadvantages of using animals? This problem will be researched from different areas such asRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1288 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Each animal bred or used for research, whether a mouse, fish, or monkey, is an individual capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and distress† (â€Å"Animal† 2013). The advancements in technology today had sparked a debate worldwide on whether it is right or wrong to use animals for experimentation in laboratories. With newly advanced scientific technology, experts are able to utilize advanced technology to simulate functions of the human body on a much smaller scale, including microchips of humanRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing2973 Words   |  12 Pagescabinet has been tested on an animal at one point or another. A government funded corporation called the Food and Drug Administration, abbreviated as the FDA, is in charge of making sure that all drugs, cosmetics, biological products, and more are efficient, secure, and safe for human usage. The FDA will not allow any dr ug to be released or sold to the human population if it has not first been tested on animals. In fact, when a drug is first created it is tested on animals before humans are even allowedRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1074 Words   |  5 Pages Animal Testing is a enormous upset in the word today. Animal activist have been trying to put an end to it for years , but to no avail. Animal testing is when scientist will use animals to do experiments on . They will either hook heavy machinery to these poor defenseless animals or inject them with harsh chemicals just to see if its okay for human use. Over 26 millions of animals are used every year in just the united states alone for these cruel acts by the hand of man. Testing on animals haveRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing2487 Words   |  10 PagesMillions of animals suffer painfully and even die as an outcome of scientific research. The effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products slowl y kill innocent animals every year. Although some people believe animal testing is necessary, others firmly believe that the alternatives choices that have been discovered over the years are the way to go. Especially because these choices are cheaper, more reliable and do not harm animals. This essay looks into the pros and cons of animalRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing On Animals1896 Words   |  8 PagesHow many animals do you think are used each year in the United States, alone for scientific and commercial animal testing? What if I told you, 26-million animals, remember just in the United States, are used yearly. Animal testing has been used for research since at least 500 B.C. Some people, such as Scientists, say it has extremely revolutionized the society that we are today, such as being able to have vaccines. If it was not for animals testing, we would not have the Hepatitis B shot. In contrastRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1725 Words   |  7 Pag esEach year, more than 100 million animals are experimented on in U.S. laboratories. These experiments are for things such as biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.(Procon writers) Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Animal testing is controversial and people findRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing826 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing, although extremely debated, is something that should no longer be practiced anywhere around the world. Let’s start by taking a look at just how much animal testing is practiced in the United States as well as in other countries. The article called, â€Å"Animal Use Statistics† from the Humane Society International, says, â€Å"Only a small proportion of countries collect and publish data con cerning their use of animals for testing and research, but it is estimated that more than 115 millionRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing905 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing has been the target of animal cruelty groups since the beginning of its existence, but the benefits it provides, humans and animals far greater than the type of method that is used to get the results. Scientists Karl Landsteiner’s success in finding a cure to polio is an example of how the benefits of animal testing helped better future human lives. In his experiments he discovered that Polio viruses had three variations, meaning that they would have to produce a product that could

Chapter 3 - 6148 Words

Chapter 3 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. According to the opening case McDonalds was able to succeed in India because of: A. India s love of beef. B. India s love of pork. C. relationship networks. D. customers wanted the American experience. E. collective help 2. _______ is an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way in which business is practiced. A. Cross-cultural literacy B. Cultural business sensitivity C. Cross-national awareness D. Cross-border sensitivity E. Multicultural sensitivity 3. __________, an expert on cross-cultural differences and management, defined culture as the collective programming of the mind which†¦show more content†¦the basic unit of society is heterogeneous D the degree to which the basic unit of social organization is the individual; and the degree to which a . society is stratified into classes or castes E. the degree to which there are different languages and the degree to which there are income differences 20. Appropriate dress code, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, and neighbourly behaviour are all examples of A. norms. B. folkways. C. values. D. culture. E. etiquette 21. A society s _________ refers to its basic social organization. A. social bureaucracy B. social regime C. social structure D. social hierarchy E. social mobility 22. Which of the following is an association of two or more individuals who have a shared sense of identity and who interact with each other in structured ways on the basis of a common set of expectations about each other s behaviour? A. assemblage B. group C. norm D. society E. community 23. In a family, individuals interact together to create a sense of identity and character. A family would be an example of A. a society. B. a norm. C. a group. D. an assembly. E. community 24. According to our textbook, while groups are found in all societies, societies differ according to the degree to which the group is viewed as: A. the primary means of social mobility B. the primary means ofShow MoreRelatedChapter 314441 Words   |  58 Pagesthe principle that there is ____ relationship between the price of a good and the quantity buyers are willing to purchase in a defined time period, ceteris paribus. a.a directb.noc.an inversed.independent ANS C PTS 1 DIF E TOP Law of demand TYP RE 3. The law of demand refers to the a.inverse relationship between the price of a good and the willingness of consumers to buy it.b.price increase that results from an increase in demand for a good of limited supply.c.inverse relationship between the priceRead Morechapter 3 and 41055 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Guided Reading Questions: Chapters 3 and 4 These questions are meant to serve as guide to help you pick out the most important information. Answer these questions to the best of your ability. Bulleted lists are acceptable as long as they consist of more than a few words. These concepts should be well thought out. Chapter 3 â€Å"Introduction† â€Å"Global Competition and the Expansion of England’s Empire† â€Å"Origins of American Slavery† â€Å"Colonies in Crisis†- Choose only one sub-topic â€Å"The Growth ofRead MoreChapter 3 Questions1404 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Chapter 3 Questions 1. How would you respond when someone makes a decision that adversely affects you while saying â€Å"it’s nothing personal it’s just business†? Is business impersonal? If it was in a company situation I would raise with the company management or human resources. If it was outside in society, I would address the management of the company, raise to consumer affairs or use social media to raise awareness. Business is personal. Businesses goals are not just to generate profits, andRead MoreChapter 3 41546 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 3 #2 - When is a companys competitive advantage most likely to endure over time? A companys competitive advantage is most likely to endure over time when the company has built barriers to imitation, which make it difficult for a competitor to copy the companys distinctive competencies. Another element needed is the ability to quickly react to changes in the customers needs and have a high absorptive capacity in order to identify, value, assimilate, and use new knowledge. Lastly, theRead Morechapter 3 Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction In this chapter the research methodology used in the study is described. The geographical area where the study was conducted the study design and the population and sample are described. The instrument used to collect the data, including methods implemented to maintain validity and reliability of the instrument, are described. Research Approach and Design Denzin and Lincoln (2000) suggest a different, more complex definition. Their definition, whichRead MoreChapter 3: Cells784 Words   |  4 PagesBIO 165: Anatomy amp; Physiology I | Stanly Community College | Student Name: | Emily Mansfield | Lecture Activity #3: Cells (Chapter 3) Instructions: Read chapter 3 in your textbook and review the lecture notes and study resources provided by your instructor. Type your answer in the answer block provided for each question. Answer blocks should expand as you type. If you experience difficulty typing in the provided answer blocks, you may type your answers in a new document. Save aRead MoreChapter 3 Costos3687 Words   |  15 Pages3 costoReview Questions: CHAPTER 3; Cost Volume Profit True/False 1. Determining the number of units that must be produced in order to generate enough profit to cover total fixed costs is one reason for using a break-even analysis. 2. An expected value is the w eighted average of the outcomes, based on the percentage combinations of the incomes. 3. Which of the following statements about net income (NI) is TRUE? a. b. NI = operating income plus income taxes. NI = operating incomeRead MoreChapter 3 ( IIi )1805 Words   |  8 PagesChapter 3 (III) 1. Hester recognizes a white man that has uneven shoulders and is standing with a Native American. He seems to be very smart with intelligence in his eyes and he has a deformed figure. It is obviously someone important because she gets alarmed and even clutches her baby harder, even though it is crying.†¨ 2. The man has been held captive by Native Americans in the South and wandering the wilderness with them. He was learning what he could about herbs and plant uses with them and nowRead MoreChapter 3 Finance993 Words   |  4 Pages= Net Income/Total Assets 8% = . = $2,320,000/$17,500,000 $29,000,000 Net Income = $2,320,000 ROA = 13% ROE = Net Income/Total Equity = $2,320,000/$11,200,000 ROE = 21% 3. Receivables Turnover = Sales/Accounts Receivable 9.14 times = $3,943,709/$431,287 Days in Receivables = 365/RT = 365 Days/9.14 = 36.25 Days 4. Inventory Turnover = COGS/Inventory = 4,105,612/407,534 = 10.07 times Read MoreChapter 3 Summary1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe first days of April 1945 seem like all the other days for Tomasz. He’s starving. He doesn’t know how long he can physically take the abuse from the guards or the physical toll of the backbreaking labor. But he notices activity in and around the tunnels has changed. There are fewer guards for one thing which seems odd to Tomasz. Everywhere he looks he can see less work being done in the tunnels and a lot more frantic activity near the two entrances. What Tomasz doesn’t realize is that Nordhausen

Could Russia Have Defeated Japan in the Russo-Japanese War Free Essays

This essay will examine Russia’s advantages and disadvantages pre-war, war and post-war that could have changed the course of history and enabled Russia to defeat Japan in the Russo-Japanese War. Russia, despite major advantages in resources, military personnel, naval forces, and strategic depth, lost the Russo-Japanese War to Japan, a rising power whose military strength and power were grossly underestimated. Why? What could Russia have done differently to defeat Japan in the war? Summarizing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of Russia’s poor leadership, lack of strategic planning against Japan, and logistical differences will help clarify what it did wrong and what it could have done to defeat Japan in 1904. We will write a custom essay sample on Could Russia Have Defeated Japan in the Russo-Japanese War? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Diplomatic and economic factors before and during the war In 1854, Japan had reopened her doors to the United States, the United Kingdom, and Russian after 200 years of isolation from all Western powers, except the Netherlands (Koda 12). Of these powers, Britain and Russia had the strongest impact on the national security policy of the Japanese government. By the 1890s, given the growing competition among European Powers in Asia, Japan had begun to implement policies to increase the nation’s military and economic modernization. They recognized that failure to do so would lead to the â€Å"nation’s dominance or dismemberment† by foreigners (Francis 1). Between 1888 and 1904, the Russian Empire’s economy was booming. As the financial heath of the government improved, it can be expected that the Minister of War would be allowed to share in this bounty. The Ministry was able to fund two discrete rearmament programs: the acquisition of magazine rifles and the introduction of the first quick-firing field artillery piece (Fuller 363). Both programs helped enhance and put Russia at an advantage in military readiness and innovation compared to other powers within the region. In 1894, Russia had a new Tsar in Nicholas II, who was â€Å"young, dreamy and ambitious†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and noted by biographers as â€Å"a weak man and easily led† (Fuller 370). Another important figure to Russia’s government was Count S. Iu. Witte. Witte, the Minister of Finance, 1892-1903, rapidly became one of Nicholas’s most influential ministers in the early part of his regime as Tsar (Fuller 370). Witte was the prime mover of the Trans-Siberian and Chinese Eastern railroads, which allowed Russia to become a monopoly over resources and markets of Manchuria (Fuller 370). In March 1900, War Minister Kuropatkin delivered a speech in which he summarized the ways in which Russia had used its’ military power in the past two hundred years and a series of predictions on upcoming challenges the nation would have to face. He argued that Russia â€Å"neither needed nor desired war with any of the other Great Powers; it simply had nothing to gain by it† (Fuller 377). Yet, Russia was not a satisfied Power and in a report to the Tsar, Kuropatkin had to endorse the continued economic exploitation of Manchuria and the expansion of Russia influence in the East (Fuller 378). Moreover, Russia had concluded an alliance with China against Japan and, in the process provided the finance China needed in exchange for railway and industrial monopolies and won rights to extend the Trans-Siberian Railroad across Chinese-held Manchuria to the Russian seaport of Vladivostok, thus gaining control of an important strip of Manchurian territory (Warner 113). Unfortunately, the unfinished state of the Trans-Siberian railroad in 1904, logistical problems, and heavy costs meant only about 100,000 Russian troops and supporting units had been deployed to the Far East. However, this continuous crash collusion over the â€Å"spheres of influence† in Manchuria, Port Arthur, and finally in 1903 when Russia developed an economic interest in Korea further exasperated Japan (Koda 16). Start of the War The Russo-Japanese War took place from February 1904 to September 1905; it was a war that originated out of rival imperial ambitions of the Japanese and Russian Empires over Manchuria, Port Arthur, and Korea. The Russians had been pursuing a course of steady aggression and contrary to what Japan considered her â€Å"vital interests and national honor† (Mahan 172). The Russians had countless chances to gain an advantage and a better diplomatic position over Japan. After negotiations back and forth concerning â€Å"spheres of interest† between the two nations were not met and in Japanese eyes were ignored due to the arrogance of the Tsar; Japan severed diplomatic relations on 6 February 1904 (Answer. com). Late at night on the 8th of February, a force of Japanese torpedo boats entered into Port Arthur. Through the dense fog, they launched a surprise attack that not only surprised the Russian naval squadron, but also surprised the world. Only one ship, the Novik, was not caught entirely napping and was able to give chase (Warner 17). Three of Russia’s biggest ships took severe hits: the cruiser Pallada, Retvizan and Tsarevitch (Warner 17). Russia was shocked and definitely not prepared! Although gunfire stirred some in the evening, many knew nothing of the attack until the next morning. Some had heard and assumed that the fleet had been carrying out exercises and few people â€Å"expected that the first attack by Japanese- or any attack at all- would take place in Port Arthur† (Warner 17). Crafting a War Plan The Commander of Russia’s Far Eastern Armies, General Kuropatkin was tasked with developing Russia’s war plan; his idea was to deny Japan an early victory by alternating tenacious holding actions and strategic withdrawals in order to gain the time needed to bring thousands of additional troops from European Russia (Fuller 379). â€Å"Inso far as possible,† he wrote, â€Å"our forces must avoid decisive engagements in order to escape being defeated in detail prior to concentration of forces sufficient for the defeat of the Japanese† (Fuller 400). He expected the Japanese to invade Manchuria, they did; he anticipated that the Japanese would attack Port Arthur, they did; so, his plan was absolutely accurate and unquestionably foreboded the events that were about to unfold in this Russian nightmare. But no matter how intelligent or administratively talented Kuropatkin may have been, he committed the gravest of errors by underestimating his enemy. The Japanese army was highly motivated and trained and ready to implement their war plan. In an attempt to avoid war, Japan presented Russia with a treaty that would be relatively fair to both sides. Russia, to the surprise of no one, declined the terms and Japan was left with no choice other than to declare war. In July 1903 at pre-war negotiations, the Japanese Minister in St. Petersburg as instructed to present Russian Minister, Roman Rosen, with his country’s views and desires. After the proposal, Russia provide a counter-proposal and Japan provided another proposal by which â€Å"Manchuria would be outside the Japanese sphere of influence and, reciprocally, Korea outside Russia’s† (Answers. com). One month later on 4 February when no formal reply had been received, Japan severed ties and went about achieving everything that they asked for at the pre-negotiations. According to Karl von Clausewitz, a renowned theorist of war, two parties need to want peace for a war to be terminated and both sides must be able to overcome internal and external oppositions to end the war. Because of Russian leaders’ incompetence, arrogance, and inability to respond promptly and compromise negotiations, Japan’s pre-war requests and Kuropatkin’s predictions of Japan’s war strategy were developing in what would be known in history as the Russo-Japanese War. Elements of the Land Campaign At the outbreak of the war, Russia had the world’s largest standing army, but most of it was in Europe. The Japanese knew that Russia could not fully concentrate its’ army in the Far East because â€Å"it had to keep some forces in western Russia as a counter to Turkish, German, and Austrian forces† (Koda 22). Russia was not ready for the war with Japan, and the Japanese knew it. All Japan had to do was concentrate its’ forces in Manchuria and match the strength of Russian forces there. For the Japanese to establish superiority, they had to overcome their handicaps: shortage of strategic reserves, an insufficient stockpile of ammunition, and poor field heavy artillery (Koda 23). In order to overcome these handicaps, Japan had a well thought out operational plan and effective tactics on the battlefield, which yielded perfectly to the warfare of Manchurian plain. In my opinion, all Russia had to do was delay Japanese forces while they built up their strength in the west and bring forces south from the Chinese Eastern railway. Without the Trans-Siberian Railway to assist in reinforcing Russian forces, Russia would be left without â€Å"a real plan of campaign† (Warner 319). Therefore, the longer the war went on, the more likely an eventual Russian victory would have been in a battle of industrial attrition due to the continuing flow of reinforcements along the railway. Synchronizing ground and naval efforts Japan had to deliver a severe blow before Russia had time to prepare and execute whatever war plan that they may have established. In the words of Admiral â€Å"Bull† Halsey, Japan needed to â€Å"Hit hard, hit fast and hit often. † In March the Japanese landed an army in Korea that quickly overran that country. In May another Japanese army landed on the Liaotung Peninsula, and on May 26 it cut off the Port Arthur garrison from the main body of Russian forces in Manchuria. Russia needed to stop playing on the defense and start being on the offensive. With the help of reinforcements received via the Trans-Siberian Railroad, Russia continued attacks, but it proved indecisive owing to poor military leadership. An example of the Russian’s impotence in leadership occurred at the siege of Port Arthur. After believing that the purpose of defending the city was lost due to the defeat of the fleet, Major General Stessel decided to surrender his post without consulting the other military staff present, or the Tsar and the military command. All disagreed with his decision because the garrison was still well stocked and had months of food and ammunition. In 1908, Stessel was convicted by a court-martial and sentenced to death, though later pardoned for his offenses (Answer. om). More aggressive naval power The Japanese Combined Fleet was slightly superior to the Russian Pacific Fleet (Koda 22). Japan was at an advantage to Russia, because Russia’s fleet had to be divided in two forces, one at Port Arthur and the other at Vladivostok (Koda 22). The fleets at Port Arthur and Vladivostok were also smaller and less ready, which left Russia’s land and naval forces outnumbered at the start of the war. Japan’s strategy was to engage each force separately and prevent any Russian reinforcements. Japan’s Combined Fleet had to destroy the Pacific Fleet before the arrival of reinforcements and it was necessary for Admiral Togo â€Å"to preserve his strength, to ensure that he had a fleet capable of destroying the reinforcements when they arrived† (Koda 23). The Russian fleet in Port Arthur presented a menace to the sea lines of communication for Japan and was a determining factor of the war. The attack, although successful, was not executed as planned. It continued long enough to afford Russia the opportunity to bring into play her other naval forces from the west and if other circumstance would not have accorded, may have caused Japan their victory. For example, the Baltic Fleet was on its last leg of its 18,000 nautical mile journey to Vladivostok, when they were spotted by the Japanese Combined Fleet. The Baltic Fleet had been successfully traveling at night to avoid discovery. Unfortunately, one of her hospital ships exposed a light, which was sighted by a Japanese ship. The ship reported the sighting to Admiral Togo, who was able to position his fleet and engage in the battle of Tsushima. The Russian fleet was annihilated at Tsushima. If the Russian fleet would have positioned their cruisers, designed for speed and endurance, at Vladivostok, Russia would have had a better chance at counter-attacking Japan’s fleet. Unlike Port Arthur with only one way in and out, Vladivostok had two exits, to the Japan Sea and to the east coast of the islands by way of the Tsugaru Straits. The Japanese vessels out numbered the Russian vessels and they probably would have still picked off the Russian vessels one by one, but positioning the cruisers at another port would have allowed for continued freedom of commerce. Although this is an indirect effect to the war, it directly affected the already unstable economy and a growing rebellious status to war efforts in Russia. One of the most important things to remember is not just the multiple locations of the Russia fleets, but that they were divided into fractions individually smaller than those of a possible enemy. If the Russian divisions at Port Arthur, Vladivostok, and in the European ports of Russia would have been united, they would have outweighed the Japanese fleet; hence causing the Japanese fleet to re-evaluate their plan and possibly changing the course of the war. Additionally, Admiral Makarov, Commander of the Baltic Fleet, suggested that more ships should assist the Port Arthur and Vladivostok, but with his death a conference of the Higher Naval Board with the Tsar presiding was needed. For the next three months, the new commander, Admiral Rozhdestvenski, struggled with â€Å"the inevitable tangle of Russian red tape† and prepared his fleet for the long journey and they set sail in October of 1904 (Warner 402). The Baltic fleet should have been sent east the instant the Japanese declared war and would have arrived in ample time to assist and been able to provide much needed reinforcements and a more aggressive naval power. Conclusion Despite Russia’s major advantages in resources, military personnel, naval forces, and strategic depth, they lost to an up and coming power, Japan. Furthermore, they could have negotiated out of starting a war, and never have been put in a situation that caused undue hardship on their ill-prepared naval and land forces. If it wasn’t for poor leadership, lack of strategic planning, and logistical differences, Russia could have defeated Japan in the Russo-Japanese War. How to cite Could Russia Have Defeated Japan in the Russo-Japanese War?, Papers

Impact of Selfishness on Personal Life free essay sample

Every day, people make several decisions that more or less influence their live. However, it is necessary to consider other people and results before the decisions were made, since selfish decisions can cause lots of problems. The selfish choices that selected by the main characters in both â€Å"On the Rainy River† and â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stocking† cause regret and raise conflict between the main characters and themselves . Regret can be caused by selfish decisions. On the one hand, O’Brien, the narrator of the â€Å"On the Rainy River† felt guilty and worried about his families during the way to Canada because he fled away from the war: â€Å"I would go to the warI would kill and maybe die –because I was embarrassed not to. That was the sad thing† (O’Brien 12). Clearly, O’Brien explained why he decided to go to Canada and continued his life without contradicting his own beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Selfishness on Personal Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Here he lost his chance at having personal happiness and would have to live with regret from then on. Even though, O’Brien went back and join the army in the end, he still could not get away from the guilt that rose by his decisions: â€Å"I survived, but its not a happy ending. I was a coward. I went to the war† (O’Brien 14). Unlike most people, O’Brien did not regarded surviving form the war as a fortunate thing for him, instead, O’Brien considered himself as a coward and did not forgive himself for making the inappropriate decision from now on. On the other hand, Mrs. Sommer, the major character of â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† also felt guilty about her family, for the mother used up all the fifteen pounds to purchase accessories and entertained herself instead of buying â€Å"so and so many yards of percales for new shirt waists for the boys and Janie and Mag†(Chopin 1). The fifteen pounds were supposed to spend on the clothing of their children according to Mrs. Sommers’s plan at beginning, but she spent all for herself. By the end of day, she did not want to go home: â€Å"in truth he saw noting—unless he were wizard enough to detect a poignant wish, a powerful longing that the cable car would never stop anywhere, but go on forever† (Chopin 3). Mrs. Sommers’s thought reflected her regret since she wished the cable can run forever, so that she did not need to go back home and face her families. Obviously, personal happiness cannot be achieved by selfishness, doing this can create nothing but regret that will follow a  person through their life. Furthermore, the selfishness gives raise to conflict between people and themselves. In â€Å"On the Rainy River†, on the one side, OBrien felt he was â€Å"too good for the war. Too smart, too compassionate, too everything† (O’Brien 3) since the war is completely unreasonable for him. He did not want to be killed or kill anyone else. On the other side, he found himself is completely irresponsible for both his family and country, for the simple reason that he neither supported his country nor protected his family during the most dangerous time. Due to his strong sense of morality and the honourable values like bolstering his own country, OBrien struggled with two conflicting forces in himself. Similarly, Mrs. Sommers struggled against herself to repress the urges and temptation of the luxury items. At first, she planned to spend the money on her children. However, as soon as she entered the department store, she had a powerful desire for a moment of luxury. She tried to hide the desire because of her economic situations. Eventually â€Å"she went on feeling the soft, sheeny luxurious things—with both hands now, holding them up to see them glisten, and feel them glide serpent-like through her fingers. Two hectic blotches came suddenly into her pale cheeks† (Chopin 2) and undoubtedly she succumbed to her desires. By the end of the short story, Mrs. Sommers was extraordinarily desperate for the luxurious life to never end â€Å"a poignant wish, a powerful longing that the cable car would never stop anywhere, but go on and on with her forever† (Chopin 3). The cable in some way symbolized her dream life since at that time only wealthy people were able to afford cable. Her wish represented she still wanted to enjoy the feeling of that unrealistic luxurious life and was unwilling to return back to reality. Ultimately , being selfish leads to the conflicts between people and themselves and annoyance in their life. Overall, the two short stories namely â€Å"On the Rainy River† and â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† emphasized the negative impact of selfishness on human life. Both O’Brien and Mrs. Sommer suffered the regret and conflicting forces that rose by their selfishness. Therefore it is necessary to consider the result before making a decision since selfish decisions, in long term, cannot bring any happiness and self-satisfactory.

Business Accounting Financial Transactions

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Accounting for Financial Transactions. Answer: Introduction The terminology accounting implies a recording process that records all the financial transactions in a systematic as well as in comprehensive way. In other words, it can also be said that accounting is an effective process that helps an accountant to analyze, report and summarize all the financial transactions related to the business with the aim to lapse both the tax collection agencies and entities. According to Parry (2015), accounting is considered as the basic language of any type of business. Therefore, it is a vital factor to gather knowledge about the basics of business accounting. Reflective Learning Journal In order to gather knowledge in the field of basic accounting, it has been found that there are various terminologies that are counted as the important term. Therefore, a list of terms and terminologies or an accounting glossary has been prepared below that will help me to learn and gather knowledge and will also clear my concepts and theories regarding business accounting along with various formulae and equations. Cash Management and Budgeting The terminology cash management is mainly used in case of any growing or new business, where, this broad term refers to collection, disbursement and concentration of cash (Ebert and Griffin 2015). The objective of this management is to manage and balance the total amount of cash of a business of an organization in a peculiar way that will help to maximize the cash availability not invested in inventories or fixed assets. This involves the avoidance of risk regarding insolvency. The factors that are monitored as a cash management include the management of cash balances within an organization, level of liquidity of a firm and the strategies of short-term investment. On the other hand, budgeting is defined as a plan for the future of any business that provides a plan regarding future expenditure and income along with its savings. In other words, it can also be said that budgeting is a guideline that helps the management team of an organization to predict and understand the future spending and saving of an organization (Brinca et al. 2016). Depending on the future expenditure and saving, an organization is operated. In addition to this, a cash budget is defined as an estimation of the total cash outflows and cash inflows for a particular business of an organization over a specified period of time (Collier 2015). Therefore, it can be said that cash budget helps an accountant or the management team of a firm to assess whether the specified entity has sufficient amount of cash to operate successfully. Therefore, it can be said that from this concept of budgeting, cash budget and cash management, I have learned the importance and their role in implementation. I have got a clearer idea regarding the concepts of budgeting and cash budget and its basic difference. I have also understood that the cash management is dependent on the budgeting or cash budget and vice-versa. This basic concept of business accounting will help me in my future as I have gained knowledge that cash management is an important factor for any start-up business or any new business. Therefore, if I would like to be an entrepreneur in future, then I will be able to implement these concepts and can run my own business successfully. In addition to these, all these basic knowledge, concept and theories will also help me to take part in any inter-college competition or quiz competition as these concepts have helped me to differentiate between each of these related terminologies. Periodic and Perpetual Inventory system - Periodic Inventory system is the procedure of valuating the inventories with the aim to prepare a financial report, where, at a specified time interval, a physical inventory count is occurred (Mintz 2016). In addition to this, Periodic Inventory system helps to keep and maintain a pathway of the inventory at the beginning of the phase; both the purchases and sales that are done at same phase of time are also traced under the section asset of a financial statement. On the other hand, the perpetual inventory system is the bookkeeping procedure for inventory that helps in recording the sale and/ or purchase of stock by using the method of point-of-sale (computerized) and endeavors the asset management software (Wier, Stone and Hunton 2015). In addition to this, the perpetual system of inventory gives a exhaustive view about the adjustments within the inventory with an urgent coverage of inventory amount in the stock. Therefore, it can be said that this imitates the goods level on hand. Thus, a detailed study on the periodic Inventory system and perpetual inventory system has helped to clear my concept regarding their definition, importance and implementation. In addition to this, I have also learned their main difference regarding implementation within an organization. I have gained knowledge about the merits and demerits of periodic Inventory system and perpetual inventory system. Additionally, this concept will help to self-evaluate and therefore, it will encourage involving myself in the self-assessment examination as well as in quiz competition. Moreover, the teaching in the prior subject inventory has facilitated me to gather knowledge regarding these two types of inventory systems. Thus, it can be said that these basic knowledge will facilitate me to gather additional information about the business accounting. Inventory valuation - The inventory valuation is the expenditure which is associated with the stock of an organization towards the end of a specified period of time. The inventory valuation is counted as an important element that helps in calculating COGS and can be used for loans as collateral (Ahadiat and Martin 2015). It has been found that generally the inventory valuation is expressed in the balance sheet of the organization as the current asset. Usually, the inventory valuation is made based on the costs or expenses that are sustained by an organization to gather the inventory and also to transform them into a particular circumstance where it will make ready to sell. It has been found that the costs which are involved within the inventory valuation concept are - import duties, handling, freight, production overhead, direct materials and direct labor. It can be said that this concept has also enriched my awareness about the fundamentals of business accounting. The detailed study has helped me to study more regarding the terms and terminologies of business accounting. The strong understanding of business accounting will facilitate me to earn further information about the topic and this in return will assist me in my future to turn out to be an expert in the ground of business accounting (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). In addition to these, the clear and detailed concept regarding the basic of business accounting will also help to take part in the corporate quiz and self-assessment examination. All these participations will also give me an opportunity to learn more new things and all these will help me in my future to become a successful entrepreneur. Inventory costing methods It is the cost of holding products in store. The capital, taxation, depreciation, shrinkage costs, warehousing, obsolescence and insurance are also involved as a percentage of inventory value (Gibson and Haynes 2015). Generally, the smaller businesses mainly use four types of methods for calculating inventory costing and to account for cost of goods sold (COGS). These include - Last in First out (LIFO), First in First out (FIFO), Specific Identification Method and Average Cost Method (O'Connell et al. 2015). Additionally, each type of these methods is best suited to different financial aims and different conditions. Thus, it is an important factor for the entrepreneurs to have knowledge regarding the various types of inventory costing methods, as they should implement the most appropriate one for the most accurate accounting system. Thus, this specified learning about the kinds of methods of inventory costing will facilitate me in self-assessment examination and also in self-evaluation. These concepts will improve my awareness concerning the basic topic of business accounting, thus, it will encourage me to take participation in the quiz competition. Therefore, it can be said that these basic concepts, theories and information regarding the basics of business accounting will help me to recognize the other concepts that are dependent on these concepts and theories. Thus, I can say that these basics will assist me to collect more information in future regarding the business accounting. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that, business accounting is a very important theme for any person who wants to be a successful entrepreneur in future. In addition to this, an individual who wants to become a specialist in the ground of accounting and want to rule the business world should learn this business accounting subject. The reason behind this is that the accounting is measured as the basic language of any business, whereas, the basic knowledge regarding the business accounting is the key to become a successful business person. Therefore, the basic concepts and theories of business accounting should be clear, as this will help an individual in future. I have made a glossary of different terms and terminologies that are associated with the subject business accounting such that it can provide me with different types of knowledge regarding the particular topic. References Ahadiat, N. and Martin, R.M., 2015. Attributes, Preparations, and Skills Accounting Professionals Seek in College Graduates for Entry-Level Positions vs. Promotion.Journal of Business and Accounting,8(1), p.179. Brinca, P., Chari, V.V., Kehoe, P.J. and McGrattan, E., 2016.Accounting for Business Cycles(No. 531). Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Collier, P.M., 2015.Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Ebert, R.J. and Griffin, R.W., 2015.Business essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Gibson, J.L. and Haynes, W.W., 2015.Accounting in small business decisions. University Press of Kentucky. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Mintz, S., 2016.Ethical obligations and decision-making in accounting: text and cases. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. O'Connell, B., Carnegie, G., Carter, A., De Lange, P., Hancock, P., Helliar, C. and Watty, K., 2015. Shaping the future of accounting in business education in Australia. Parry, S.N., 2015. The influence of neoliberal economics on small business accounting research: A critical evaluation of agendas and methodologies.International Small Business Journal, p.0266242615600508. Wier, B., Stone, D.N. and Hunton, J.E., 2015. Retraction: Does Graduate Business Education Contribute to Professional Accounting Success?.Accounting Horizons,29(3), pp.745-745.

Agrarian Discontent In The Late 1800s Why The Farmers Were Wrong The P

Agrarian Discontent in the Late 1800's "Why the Farmers Were Wrong" The period between 1880 and 1900 was a boom time for American politics. The country was for once free of the threat of war, and many of its citizens were living comfortably. However, as these two decades went by, the American farmer found it harder and harder to live comfortably. Crops such as cotton and wheat, once the bulwark of agriculture, were selling at prices so low that it was nearly impossible for farmers to make a profit off them. Furthermore, improvement in transportation allowed foreign competition to materialize, making it harder for American farmers to dispose of surplus crop. Finally, years of drought in the midwest and the downward spiral of business in the 1890s devastated many of the nations farmers. As a result of the agricultural depression, many farm groups, most notably the Populist Party, arose to fight what farmers saw as the reasons for the decline in agriculture. During the last twe nty years of the nineteenth century, many farmers in the United States saw monopolies and trusts, railroads, and money shortages and the demonetization of silver as threats to their way of life, though in many cases their complaints were not valid. The growth of the railroad was one of the most significant elements in American economic growth. However, in many ways, the railroads hurt small shippers and farmers. Extreme competition between rail companies necessitated some way to win business. To do this, many railroads offered rebates and drawbacks to larger shippers who used their rails. However, this practice hurt smaller shippers, including farmers, for often times railroad companies would charge more to ship products short distances than they would for long trips. The rail companies justified this practice by asserting that if they did not rebate, they would not make enough profit to stay in business. In his testimony to the Senate Cullom Committee, George W. Parker stat ed, ...the operating expense of this road...requires a certain volume of business to meet these fixed expenses....in some seasons of the year, the local business of the road...is not sufficient to make the earnings...when we make up a train of ten of fifteen cars of local freight...we can attach fifteen or twenty cars...of strictly through business. We can take the latter at a very low rate than go without it. Later, when asked the consequences of charging local traffic the same rate as through freight, Mr. Parker responded, Bankruptcy, inevitably and speedy.... While the railroads felt that they must use this practice to make a profit, the farmers were justified in complaining, for they were seriously injured by it. A perfect example of this fact can be found in The Octopus by Frank Norris. A farmer named Dyke discovers that the railroad has increased their freight charges from two to five cents a pound. This new rate, ...ate up every cent of his gains. He stood there ruined. (Doc . H). The railroads regularly used rebates and drawbacks to help win the business of large shippers, and made up this loss in profit by increasing the cost to smaller shippers such as farmers. As a result, many farmers, already hurt by the downslide in agriculture, were ruined. Thus, the farmers of the late nineteenth century had a valid complaint against railroad shippers, for these farmers were hurt by the unfair practices of the railroads. Near the end of the nineteenth century, business began to centralize, leading to the rise of monopolies and trusts. Falling prices, along with the need for better efficiency in industry, led to the rise of such companies as Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil, which controlled a majority of the nations supply of raw steel and oil respectively. The rise of these monopolies and trusts concerned many farmers, for they felt that the disappearance of competition would lead to erratic and unreasonable price rises that would hurt consumers. James B. Weaver, the Populist partys presidential candidate in the 1892 election, summed up the feelings of many Americans of the period in his work, A Call to Action: An Interpretation of the Great Uprising. He wrote, It is clear that trusts are...in conflict with the Common law. They Agrarian Discontent In The Late 1800s Why The Farmers Were Wrong The P Agrarian Discontent in the Late 1800's "Why the Farmers Were Wrong" The period between 1880 and 1900 was a boom time for American politics. The country was for once free of the threat of war, and many of its citizens were living comfortably. However, as these two decades went by, the American farmer found it harder and harder to live comfortably. Crops such as cotton and wheat, once the bulwark of agriculture, were selling at prices so low that it was nearly impossible for farmers to make a profit off them. Furthermore, improvement in transportation allowed foreign competition to materialize, making it harder for American farmers to dispose of surplus crop. Finally, years of drought in the midwest and the downward spiral of business in the 1890s devastated many of the nations farmers. As a result of the agricultural depression, many farm groups, most notably the Populist Party, arose to fight what farmers saw as the reasons for the decline in agriculture. During the last twe nty years of the nineteenth century, many farmers in the United States saw monopolies and trusts, railroads, and money shortages and the demonetization of silver as threats to their way of life, though in many cases their complaints were not valid. The growth of the railroad was one of the most significant elements in American economic growth. However, in many ways, the railroads hurt small shippers and farmers. Extreme competition between rail companies necessitated some way to win business. To do this, many railroads offered rebates and drawbacks to larger shippers who used their rails. However, this practice hurt smaller shippers, including farmers, for often times railroad companies would charge more to ship products short distances than they would for long trips. The rail companies justified this practice by asserting that if they did not rebate, they would not make enough profit to stay in business. In his testimony to the Senate Cullom Committee, George W. Parker stat ed, ...the operating expense of this road...requires a certain volume of business to meet these fixed expenses....in some seasons of the year, the local business of the road...is not sufficient to make the earnings...when we make up a train of ten of fifteen cars of local freight...we can attach fifteen or twenty cars...of strictly through business. We can take the latter at a very low rate than go without it. Later, when asked the consequences of charging local traffic the same rate as through freight, Mr. Parker responded, Bankruptcy, inevitably and speedy.... While the railroads felt that they must use this practice to make a profit, the farmers were justified in complaining, for they were seriously injured by it. A perfect example of this fact can be found in The Octopus by Frank Norris. A farmer named Dyke discovers that the railroad has increased their freight charges from two to five cents a pound. This new rate, ...ate up every cent of his gains. He stood there ruined. (Doc . H). The railroads regularly used rebates and drawbacks to help win the business of large shippers, and made up this loss in profit by increasing the cost to smaller shippers such as farmers. As a result, many farmers, already hurt by the downslide in agriculture, were ruined. Thus, the farmers of the late nineteenth century had a valid complaint against railroad shippers, for these farmers were hurt by the unfair practices of the railroads. Near the end of the nineteenth century, business began to centralize, leading to the rise of monopolies and trusts. Falling prices, along with the need for better efficiency in industry, led to the rise of such companies as Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil, which controlled a majority of the nations supply of raw steel and oil respectively. The rise of these monopolies and trusts concerned many farmers, for they felt that the disappearance of competition would lead to erratic and unreasonable price rises that would hurt consumers. James B. Weaver, the Populist partys presidential candidate in the 1892 election, summed up the feelings of many Americans of the period in his work, A Call to Action: An Interpretation of the Great Uprising. He wrote, It is clear that trusts are...in conflict with the Common law. They

Albert Durer essays

Albert Durer essays Albert Durer was a very great artist. Some people consider him one of the best artists in the Renaissance period, or the best artist of the renaissance period in Germany. He only left Nuremberg three times to visit Venice and the Netherlands. Albrecht Durer was born in Nurembourg in May 21, 1471. His father, Albrecht Durer was a goldsmith, he had come from Germany to Nurembourg in 1455 and married Barbara Holper. Barbara's father was Albrecht's master. Albrecht was his father's third son. He was apprenticed by Michael Wolgumut in 1486 and began to work with woodcuts. He finished his apprentiship with Michael Wolgumut after four years. Than, in 1494, he married Agnes Frey and left Nuremberg to go to Venice the same year. He became very fascinated by their style and worked on woodcuts, drawings, paintings, wood and copper engravings. From that period on, the Italian influence was unmistakable in his work. Since paintings were very costly and not many people could afford them. Durer decided to work on woodcuts so that he could easily create copies of his work. These copies were used to educate people in religious and classical history. In 1507 Durer made another trip to Venice; he stayed there for a year and a half. After he returned, he seemed to have given up painting, and instead spent most of his time to his copper and wood engravings. In 1513 and 1514 he completed his three best-known copper engravings: 'Knight, Death and Devil', 'St. Jerome in His Study', and 'Melancholia'. Durer also researched about the mathematics of proportion and perspective and published two works on this topic during his life. He was a friend of Martin Luther and several other leaders of the Reformation. He died in Nuremberg on April 6, 1528. ...

Author's tone and purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Author's tone and purpose - Essay Example Not even a short one. If that what you are looking for, you don’t want me†. The author other purpose was to show how the short story has been dominated far too long by the novel. The other author meticulously shows this by adeptly using metaphors. Millhauser describes this predominance by metaphorically writing, â€Å"The novel buys up the land, cuts down the trees, puts up the condos.† One of the tones the author of the article has used is tough tone. This tone is captured when Millhauser describes the novel as â€Å"exhaustive by nature, it can hardly contain itself.† Furthermore, Millhauser still captures a tough tone, no doubt, when he writes strongly about the novel â€Å"after all, what difference does it make? It’s nothing but talk.† The other tone the author capture in his work is optimisms. Millhauser demonstrates his sense of optimism by writing optimistically about the short story. Millhauser describes the short story as â€Å"modest in its pretensions, shyly proud of its petite