Clinical Manifestations Of Hiv Infections - 1545 Words

1- A 20-year-old cocaine abuser with a recurring upper respiratory infection is examined and is noted to have white patches in the oral cavity along with parotid enlargement. a. What history is pertinent to the examination of this patient? HIV is manifested clinically as the development of recurrent, often severe, opportunistic infections, such as respiratory infections, and oral candidiasis (white patches), due to their compromised immune system. Parotid enlargement is another common finding in person with HIV, and the use of illicit drugs, especially by injections positions the patient at high risk of acquiring HIV infection. Then, the history of present illness, past medical history, family, and personal and social history should†¦show more content†¦Oral white patches suggest a yeast infection of the mouth named candidiasis (trush), and it is the most common oral condition in people with HIV infection. Researches estimated that 9 in 10 people with HIV present at least one oral condition related to HIV disease. This may be the first sign of immune suppression and the reason why physicians recommended HIV testing. The immune system weakens progressively over time and becomes susceptible to bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic (opportunistic) infections. Another infection (viral) with oral white patches manifestation is the hairy leukoplakia, which is believed to be caused by Epstein-Barr virus mononucleosis, also very common in HIV-related oral conditions(â€Å"HIV and the mouth†, 2011). 2- Mrs. Kline, a postoperative patient who has just undergone a right modified mastectomy, is found to have edema of the right arm. a-What is the cause of the edema and what teaching is necessary to help Mrs. Kiner? Modified mastectomy include removal of the entire breast (nipple, areola, the overlying skin, and the lining over the chest muscles), and most of the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes) Often, breast cancer spreads to these lymph nodes, thereby entering the lymphatic system and allowing the cancer to spread to other parts of the body. Removal of lymph nodes may affect the drainage of lymphatic fluid from the arm on the surgical side. Problems with lymphatic drainage mayShow MoreRelatedPapular Pritic Eruption Essay1368 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Papular pruritic eruption (PPE) is the most common cutaneous manifestation of HIV, and is recognized as a WHO Clinical Stage 2 disease of HIV. PPE has a reported prevalence of 11-46% depending on geographic region, and is most commonly reported in African countries, Haiti, Brazil, and Thailand, and is less common in European and North American countries. PPE is characterized by multiple discrete skin-colored or erythematous urticarial papules symmetrically distributed on the bodyRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesHIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessly for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once th is virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of thisRead MoreThe Developmental Stages Of Psychological Development1466 Words   |  6 PagesVirus (HIV). This virus alters the immune system and has a specific affinity for the nervous system, where it causes a series of neurological traumas. HIV is able to cross the blood brain barrier and enter the nervous system through monocytes, early in the course of infection, probably concomitantly with initial systemic infection. The virus can damage or kill nerve cells either by viral replication or toxic effects. HIV can lie dormant in the nervous system, and hence, the initial seeding of HIV onRead MoreThe Developmental Stages Of Psychological Development1494 Words   |  6 PagesVirus (HIV). This virus alters the immune system and has a specific affinity for the nervous system, where it causes a series of neurological traumas. HIV is able to cross the blood brain barrier and enter the nervous system through monocytes, early in the course of infection, probably concomitantly with initial systemic infection. The virus can damage or kill nerve cells either by viral replication or toxic effects. HIV can lie dormant in the nervous system, and hence, the initial seeding of HIV onRead MoreTuberculosis And The Hiv / Aid Epidemic1414 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, with the advent of antimicrobial cocktails and public health measures, the incidence of these diseases saw a sharp decline. [1-2] Conversely, with the increase of pulmonary diseases due to smoking, immunosuppressive drug therapies, and the HIV/AID epidemic, the incidence of diseases caused by non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) began to increase. [2] These NTMs are ubiquitous in nature and can be found nearly everywhere (e.g., soil, domestic and wild animals, tap water, surface water, milkRead MoreHIV: Biochemistry and Pathogenicity744 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿HIV: Biochemistry and Pathogenicity Since the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was discovered in 1983 by Francoise BarrÃÆ' ¨-Sinoussi and colleagues (reviewed by Weiss, 2013) an estimated 70 million people have been infected with this retrovirus (WHO, 2013). Of these, close to half have died of the clinical manifestation of the infection called AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Although tremendous progress has been made, including accurate testing of patients and donated blood, developmentRead MoreBenefits Of A Voluntary Counselling Center ( Vct )1721 Words   |  7 PagesHIV is considered a worldwide epidemic that is raging out of control especially in the sub-Saharan African countries. Thus being a termed as a chronic disease, rather than a deadly killer disease. It is known to be manageable if one tested early and knew their status, because one is able to seek voluntary counselling from a health provider. These centers are commonly known as voluntary counselling center (VCT) in most African countries . The world Health organization urges everyone worldwide to getRead Morechancroid1376 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Chancroid at a Glance A sexually transmitted disease (STD) Common symptoms include sores on the genitals Treatment is available Easily spread Condoms reduce your risk of infection Want to get tested for chancroid? FIND A HEALTH CENTER STDs are very common. But we can protect ourselves and each other from STDs like chancroid. Learning more about chancroid is an important first step. Here are some of the most common questions we hear people ask about chancroid. We hope you findRead MoreThe Prevention Of Infectious Disease1596 Words   |  7 PagesEcology of Infectious Disease Final Exam HIV Public Health Campaign Purpose of the Guide to HIV Infection for Healthcare Professionals Presented on pages 1 through 3 is a mock guide that will be handed out to public health professionals for the purpose of identifying and treating those afflicted with HIV. General Information on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Specified Information for the Healthcare Professional Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is a single stranded positive sense RNARead MoreHpv Associated Anal And Oral Cancers1465 Words   |  6 Pages and HIV-1 infected individuals. Interestingly, anal cancer is predominant in women while a higher incidence of oral cancer is found in men. This review gives a brief summary of epidemic, risk factors, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of these two HPV-associated cancers. Most sexually active individuals will have detectable human papillomavirus (HPV) at least once in their lifetime. 14 million people are infected annually, and 79 million people have the prevalent infection. Approximate

Case Study 1 - Kfc in India - 1152 Words

Case Study 1 KFC in India – Ethical Issues 1. Since its entry into India in 1995, KFC has been facing protests by cultural and economic activists and farmers. What are the reasons for these protests and do you think these reasons are justified? Explain. No tolerance for ‘cruel multinationals’ was the main reason for the protests made by cultural and economic activists and farmers. Due to the economic liberalization policy of the Indian government during the early 1900’s, foreign fast food companies were granted permission to enter India. From the cultural and economic activists and farmers perspective there were numerous disadvantages with the opening of these fast food chains, in particular KFC. The main fear for nationalists and†¦show more content†¦Local businesses are also affected as it is hard to compete against a large international company. Angry farmers were led by Nanjundaswamy. The main reason for their protests was to go against the unethicality of promoting high processed ‘junk food’ in a poor country where malnutrition is already a major concern. An increase in the number of fast food stores also posed a threat to local agriculture (with the depletion of livestock) which 70% of India’s population depended on. 2. PETA has been protesting against KFC in India since the late 1990s. What are the reasons for PETA’s protest against KFC and how did KFC’s management react to them? Do you agree with PETA that KFC has been cruel toward the birds and hence it should leave India? The reason for PETA’s protest against KFC was primarily due to the inhumane treatment the chickens faced on KFC farms. Though other fast food organizations such as McDonald’s and Burger King had already ‘upped’ their standards regarding the treatment of animals, KFC had yet to do so. In these factories and poultry farms, birds were kept in very unhygienic conditions and treated cruelly. In the 10 minute video released by PETA in regards to these allegations, viewers witnessed birds living in overcrowded, crammed warehouses with barely any space toShow MoreRelatedKfc Marketing Strategies20155 Words   |  81 PagesI become a KFC franchisee? Initial Franchise Fee =   Monthly Service Fee (Royalties) =   Advertising = $45,000 (if you open a KT multi-brand restaurant, the fees will be $75,000)   5 percent (5%) of Gross Sales 5 percent (5%) of Gross Sales (Includes national and local contributions) The above amounts do not include the initial investment required to construct the restaurant building, training expenses, grand opening expenses or opening inventory. 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The case also briefly discusses how McDonald’s adapted to local culture in India, its localization and entry strategy, its strong supply chain and pricing strategy. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. McDonald’s entry into India 3. Exhibit I: McDonald’s – CountryRead MoreKfc India4427 Words   |  18 Pagesinternationalisation of KFC into India, and will discuss the key issues that led to the successes and failures of their internationalisation process. From the outset, expanding into a foreign market such as India looked like it could only be accompanied by huge gains for KFC. A booming Indian economy and millions of the population hungry for consumerism meant that KFC could expand rapidly into the market to beat their competitors to the punch and capitalise on such a promising opportunity. Unfortunately for KFC, theyRead MoreKFC VS MCDONALDS5280 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION MCDONALD’S VS KFC McDonald’s and KFC are everybody’s favourite food trip destinations. When you like burgers, McDonald’s is always the top option. When you like fried chicken, KFC is always the first thing that comes to everyone’s mind. The reason for this is these companies claim of particular  products that have became their trademark until now. The difference between McDonald’s and KFC is mainly the cuisine. Read MoreScm of Kfc13161 Words   |  53 PagesManagement of KFC  -  December 29th, 2010 KFC Corporation (KFC), founded and also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky, in the United States. KFC has been a brand and operating segment, termed a concept[2] of Yum! Brands since 1997 when that company was spun off from PepsiCo as Tricon Global Restaurants Inc. KFC primarily sells chicken pieces, wraps, salads and sandwiches. 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Same increasing trend applies to the other countries of the Far East, India and South East Asia (â€Å"UNCTAD Infocomm Market information in the commodities area†). The new agro-industrial advancements have made this leap possible. William Marling emphasizes on the fact that babies raised in different cultures develop a sensibility

“Invisible Man” by Ralph Ellison Essay Sample free essay sample

Conflict environing justness is an issue that is experienced and overcome by many different groups of people. In â€Å"Invisible Man† by Ralph Ellison. the storyteller faces issues of justness due to his race. and inability to be an equal in a white man’s universe. While faced with this issue the storyteller is forced to react to the unfairness he is shown. and he does this with his ain apprehension of the justness he deserves. and with noticeable success ; these experiences he goes through are vastly important to the subject of the novel since its chief focal point is invisibleness. and what one needs to make in order to merit justness and visibleness. The storyteller is neer named in this novel. which gives the first intimation to his lower status throughout the narrative. His arrangement in a predominately white universe besides adds to this feeling of lower status. Injustice is foremost seen when he is brought to a affluent white assemblage to read a address. but is foremost ridiculed by them through combat and flim-flam money made to mortify the immature black work forces. When the storyteller is sent to college on a scholarship he feels that the unfairness of those events is compensated by his chance in school. However. when he is expelled his feeling of invisibleness grows. and the easiness to which he accepts it shows that he may non to the full understand the unfairness he is being shown by his supposed higher-ups. He seems to happen himself and his beliefs one time he sees an old twosome being evicted from their places. and he gives a address to beat up people into standing up for. and assisting the old twosome. This act shows he may recognize the unfairness being shown toward the old twosome. and that he may recognize the unfairnesss shown toward him. After that he continues to beat up groups for the Brotherhood. and through that integrity and that group he develops an thought of what is right. what is incorrect. and the sort of j ustness he deserves as a black person. Once the storyteller sees the type of life he should be able to populate he takes action with the Brotherhood. and the things he does for that group parallel his ain hunt for justness. Although they believe he may be working against the group. and in favour of his ain personal addition entirely. he is truly merely conflicted about what he deserves. However. when he is working with the optim white pigment company. he realizes how much work he. and other black workers go through to do things that their white higher-ups take all the recognition for. The realisation of this unfairness fuels his work with the Brotherhood since he has a cause to drive him toward success. When Clifton leaves the brotherhood and degrades himself to selling Sambo dolls. the storyteller feels really offended by Clifton’s action. He views the Sambo dolls as really degrading to his race since they symbolize the puppetry of the inkinesss in relation to the white marionette Masterss commanding the black mar ionettes. or retainers. This patterned advance represents the degree to which the storyteller has developed an thought of the significance of unfairness. which leads him to more goaded and successful action. Although the storyteller did non motivate the concluding public violence toward the terminal of the book. it is so that he realizes the sort of action that must take topographic point to have the justness he feels he deserves. When he is trapped underground during the public violence he realizes that he does non hold to do himself unseeable. And. merely like the adult male he was frequently mistaken for with multiple individualities. he excessively can be seeable in any manner he chooses to be. Possibly all along justness to the storyteller was largely defined as the ability to do an individuality for him. alternatively of being labeled by others. The realisation that he defines himself. and the white higher-ups do non specify who he is. shows the success to which he has found the justness he was looking for. The subject of this novel relates straight to individuality. and the ways in which race and 1s rights can bring down unfairnesss on 1s right to their ain self-declared individuality. The hunt the storyteller goes on to happen justness for him is really of import to the novel as a whole since he is non merely happening the justness he deserves. but he is besides happening the right to populate life the manner he chooses to. without holding the individuality of an unseeable adult male. As he additions these beliefs of what is right and the wrongs that have been done to him. he additions the power to utilize that cognition in order to repair the errors he had been accepting most of his life. Once he was successful in this he was able to free himself of his grandfather’s advice to ever maintain running. and was able to take a base for himself. demo his visibleness. and truly take the sort of justness he deserves. Although the narrative ends before the reader is able to see the success to which the storytellers visibleness changes his life. he/she is still able to seethe success to which the storyteller realized and fought for the rights he deserves. As the character went through the journey of developing a significance of justness. and taking action for what he deserves. he was able to demo that individuality is something that is equal that can be defined by no 1 but oneself. every bit long as he/she is able to recognize and stand for the rights that they have as an person.

What were the relative influences on Macbeth to kill his King essay Example For Students

What were the relative influences on Macbeth to kill his King essay There were a number of factors that influenced Macbeth’s decision whether to assassinate King Duncan or not. Each of these arguments worked for or against Macbeth’s better judgement of the situation. Eventually, a combination of all these factors broke down his conscience through his mental weakness; this led to an unwise decision to kill the King. The consequences of this were fairly disastrous because Macbeth began to regret his actions just moments after the deed was done. The whole concept of Macbeth’s desire to become King of Scotland began when he and Banquo first met the three witches on the moorland. The witches greeted Macbeth each with a prophecy of his future titles: ‘All hail to thee, Thane of Glamis We will write a custom essay on What were the relative influences on Macbeth to kill his King specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now All hail to thee Thane of Cawdor All hail to thee Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter’ Macbeth seemed to be somewhat stunned by the witches prophecies, whereas Banquo continued to question the three witches in a calm and humorous manner. He noticed Macbeth’s troubled facial expression and said: ‘Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear Things that do sound so fair?’ This was the point where Macbeth started to seriously think about the witches’ predictions, the possibilities of becoming King, and how he was going to become King. Although he appears to be head-strong in the opening scenes, the witches’ predictions frighten him because he knows he wants to become King, but he realises that he has to take action to progress any further. One of Macbeth’s first soliloquies shows us that he has frightening thoughts, as the idea of murder has slipped into his mind. Although the witches did not suggest murder, Macbeth starts to think solemnly about killing King Duncan. Near the beginning of his first soliloquy, he says: ‘If good, why do I yield to that suggestion Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair And make my seated heart knock at my ribs, Against the use of nature?’ Macbeth is showing here that deep inside him, there are forces that want him to take action to become King, even if this action is murder. In a way, this scares him, as it would you or me if in his position. It is already starting to show that he is brave in battle, but fragile in mind. Macbeth’s conscience works well for him at first by helping him reject the idea of murder, as Macbeth tells himself: ‘If I chance will have me King, why, chance may crown me, Without my stir.’ This means that if the witches’ prophecies are true, then he will become King whatever the circumstances, so he wouldn’t need to commit any crimes, for example murder. By the end of scene four, Macbeth realises that he may have to take some action to become King, whether it be murder or not. His soliloquy indicates that he wants no one to see what he feels, and what he wants to do. He admits to himself that he has black and deep desires locked up inside him, which he does not want anyone good to see, as he says: â€Å"The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step On which I must fall down, or else o’er leap, For in my way it lies. Stars hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires;† From one of Macbeth and his wife’s first conversations, he proves his reluctance to give his wife a final decision on the matter. As he says: â€Å"We will speak further.† He seems to have developed an uncertainty about the situation, and fails to stand up to his wife for the first time and say, â€Å"I will not murder the King†. He hasn’t completely dismissed the subject, but so far it is in his best interests to let his wife know that he is not all for the idea of murder. This would help her understand Macbeth’s side of the story, so she would not be so much against him. At the banquet, Duncan proclaims that his son Malcolm is next in line to the throne. Macbeth then acquires the understanding that to become King, he has to overcome an even larger task now- to kill the King and his two sons. .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a , .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a .postImageUrl , .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a , .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a:hover , .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a:visited , .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a:active { border:0!important; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a:active , .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u45ddb89ee957f07e14aed9284d42b40a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: There are many different aspects of Love in "Romeo and Juliet" by William Shakespeare EssayYou can already tell that Macbeth and his wife, Lady Macbeth, hold no secrets from each other, and that they share a loving and affectionate relationship. This relationship is gradually destroyed by the consequences of both their actions to promote Macbeth to King of Scotland. By the end of act 1 you can tell that Lady Macbeth is the more dominant partner in the relationship. This is indicated by the fact that she takes no less than full control of the situation, and Macbeth is happy to let her have the responsibility. It is clear by now that Lady Macbeth’s desire to become Queen is just as strong as her spouse’s are to become King. She even went to the limits and called evil spirits upon herself, and gave up all the tender, gentle qualities of a woman to become a sexless pitiless fiend. One of her motives for doing this is likely to be the fact that she would become Queen of Scotland if Macbeth became King. Her only problem is that she knows Macbeth would need a lot of persuasion to complete the task at hand, but she also knows that Macbeth is too loyal to kill the King and his two sons. In act 1 scene 7, when Macbeth is alone after dinner, he seriously thinks about murdering his King, how he is going to do it, and if he is going to do it. His conscience counter-acts these terrible thoughts by making him think about his duties as a kinsman, a subject of the King, and a host to his guest. He also thinks about the fact that all crime is punished, whether it be in this life or the next. One of Macbeth’s most justified reasons against murdering the King, is that his death would be mourned throughout Scotland, and regarded as a tragedy in the extreme. Macbeth also begins to think about King Duncan’s kind-hearted and trusting character, and how he considers him to be a King of almost divine excellence. Macbeth then studies his own despicable motive for killing the King, and he can only find one pathetic reason. He refers to this as his ‘vaulting ambition’, and he realises now that such a high vault could only lead to a fall with undoubtedly severe consequences. Macbeth finally makes his decision on this matter and tells his wife: ‘We will proceed no further in this business’ This is the most decisive Macbeth has ever been in the play, and so he starts to think highly of himself for standing up to his dominant wife for once. He obviously didn’t think about the consequences of his actions and was totally unprepared for the fury and insults his wife was about to give him. Lady Macbeth uses a wise way of convincing Macbeth to change his mind to kill the King. She picks on three main points which, by the end of her speech, breaks down Macbeth and so once again she gets her own way. The first point is when Lady Macbeth says: ‘From this time Such I account thy love. Art thou afeard To be the same in thine own act and valour As thou art in desire?’ What she is saying to Macbeth here is ‘if you don’t do it, then you don’t love me’. This influences him because he does love his wife and he doesn’t want to lose her affection. So this helps to change his mind. The second point is probably the most influential issue of the three; this is when Lady Macbeth says: ‘Wouldst thou have that Which esteem’st the ornament of life, And live a coward in thine own esteem, Letting ‘I dare not’ wait upon ‘I would’, Like the poor cat i’ the adage?’ What Lady Macbeth is doing here is calling Macbeth a coward. This would deeply offend him because it is insulting his manlihood and is basically challenging his right of being a man. This makes him want to prove her wrong and redeem himself from being called a coward. .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 , .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 .postImageUrl , .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 , .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1:hover , .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1:visited , .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1:active { border:0!important; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1:active , .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1 .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8f18b909542de06987a755d77fa261c1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Eddie and Mickey and evaluates the situation EssayThe third point is the one that finalises Macbeth’s decision; this is when Lady Macbeth says: ‘I have given suck, and know How tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks me; I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have pluck’d my nipple from its boneless gums, And dash’d the brains out, had I sworn as you Have done to this.’ This means that she’d never break a promise and always keeps her word. She is implying that Macbeth doesn’t know how powerful a promise can be to a person, and how far you should go to keep one. To give an example of this, she uses a foul and disgusting way of expressing how far she would go to keep a promise that she had sworn on. The example she gives of beating the brains out of her own child just proves that she is beginning to go insane and psychotic. All of this abuse from his wife defeats him and immediately alters Macbeth’s final decision and so he has agreed with his wife to kill the King. By now, Macbeth is starting to show signs of stress, for out in the courtyard, he seems to speak few words in reply to Banquo’s comments and questions. Also, he is very confused about what is going on and what he is about to do in the near future. He is convinced that he is living in his own nightmare. Macbeth is alarmed when his imagination first creates the dagger, because it is a part of his conscience and his deteriorating mental state. The hallucination he is experiencing is caused by stress. What makes the situation worse, is that his conscience is almost certainly lost now, and instead of helping him, it lures him further down the corridor. As Macbeth follows the floating dagger, it is as if the pace of his words slows down as he walks along the corridor. This is a good use of language because it makes it sound as if his steps are getting heavier. Although he was scared when the dagger originally appeared, he doesn’t seem to mind murdering his King as much as he feared before, because Shakespeare introduces a touch of sick and frightening humour into Macbeth when he says: ‘The bell invites me. Hear it not Duncan; for it is a knell That summons thee to heaven, or to hell.’ Immediately after the terrible deed is done, Macbeth begins to regret what they have planned and done. He and his wife show signs of great tension and stress, by the way they speak. Instead of speaking in an intellectual and poetic sense, they begin to talk to each other in less complex single word sentences. Although they are both tense and uncertain whether they have made the right decision or not, Lady Macbeth shows now to be the stronger partner in the duo. As a conclusion, I think that the final event that modified Macbeth’s decision was the speech from Lady Macbeth. When she used emotional blackmail, insulted his manlihood, and said she’d even kill her own baby in order to keep her word, she completely turned Macbeth around. Although this was the main turning point for Macbeth’s lifestyle, there were many other factors that influenced his final decision to commit the crime of murder. All this so far has come together to prove that Macbeth maybe strong and valiant on the outside and very mentally stable and confident in battle, but he just can’t stand up to his wife. This may be because he doesn’t want to lose his wife, or it could mean that he is just mentally weak when it comes to his emotional situations. This shows that he has very little will power and is an emotional coward. All of the Shakespearean plays end in tragedy, and Macbeth was not an exception. Macbeth, as the main character, and also a battle-scared hero, is the person whose life ends in tragedy. He enters the play as a ‘valiant’, and ‘brave’ man, but ends up a twisted wreckage of a hero who once was.

The systematic or the scientific study that deal Essays

The systematic or the scientific study that deal Essays The systematic or the "scientific study" that deals with human social relationship and institutions is sociology. It has a variety of subject matter varying religion, race, family, state, crime, culture. With these diverse subject matter in sociology, it has a purpose of understanding the way human activities and awareness shaped by surrounding cultural and social organizations. Sociology is an interesting and revealing course of study that studies and elaborates the significant features of our personal lives, society, and the whole world. Sociology helps to develop individual along with the whole world. At individual level sociology deals with social causes and problems, in society level, it deals with social problems and social evils whereas it studies global problems such as population, migration, economy and conflicts at a global level. Sociology studies all the dimensions related to human, the interactions between people to the relationships between an organization and institutional forms. Human thinking and activities are profoundly associated with human surroundings. Sociology used different research methodologies and studies at a micro level. sociology studies varied concepts for whatever might produce a perfect society. Generally, people consider that society should emphasize on making sure everybody is treated equally, including from an economic point of view. However, other people consider that a perfect society involves stratified classes, as wanting to live prosperous life encourages people to work harder. These questions are included in the study of sociology where economics, politics, and culture combine in different methods. Other questions sociologists attempt through sociology are, How culture and traditions are formed and passed through one generation to the next?', Food habits and what kinds of agricultural productions are made in your country? Questions regarding religious rituals, similarities, and dissimilarities between different people, race, ethnicities, economy, and conflicts are also solved through sociology. More than the question sociology studies social institutions such as families, marriage, education, Sociologists emphasize on careful collection and analysis of evidence about social life to develop and improve our understanding of significant social procedures. Sociologists use different methods. They study and "work directly with people, ethical standards must guide their investigative project." They study "the everyday life of groups, conduct large-scale surveys, interpret historical documents, analyze census data, study videotaped interactions, interview participants of groups, and conduct laboratory experiments Like other social scientists. "Sociologists sometimes uses hypothesis by stipulating cause and effect relationships examined under controlled circumstances in experiments." They use "survey research methods, fieldwork called participatory observation, analysis and case study" as the methods to study and answer the questions regarding sociology. In addition to presenting the sociological evaluation and presenting how our social settings affect our approaches, behavior, and life chances in so many ways, we hoped to stimulate your sociological imagination to recognize the social forces affecting us all and to suggest what needs to be done to have a society where all people have equal opportunity to achieve their dreams. To conclude, sociological perspectives are used to understand human behavior while seeing the broader social context. Each theoretical perspective serves to explain human behavior within its own category. However, if one wanted to study the social institution of a business or how school functions once would be best to adopt the Structural functionalist perspective. One can use sociology as a basis for understanding human behavior in everyday life whether it be on an individual basis or group. As John Donne is quoted as saying "No man is an island unto himself," individual behaviors can not be separated from group behavior because we carry society within us. But, one can concentrate on one aspect more than the other. Sources: Strada, M. J. (2009).Through the Global Lens An introduction to the Social Sciences(Third ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Concentration and Molarity Worked Example Problem

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Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tourism - Essay Example However, scholars hold the view that to the profession requires specialised skills and knowledge, continuous education and be good to the society and community. According to Roberts (2007), corporate social responsibility (CSR) entails responsible business conduct causing no harm in the workplace, marketplace, the natural environment as well as the community they operate in. In the tourism sector, it would mean that it is the local, national and global community. CSR is not only vital in promoting business operations but also creates harmony and respect between the business and the community. To the business, CSR looks to ensure that the organisations keep on making profit while ensuring that her future is safe. Tourism industry’s management ought to understand that CSR, reduces general operational costs while improving the firm’s reputation. By extending services to the community, the firm’s dignity rises, resulting to not only a competitive advantage but also access to investment and funding opportunities. Notably, most NGOs prefer funding projects that improve the society’s welfare. Corporate social responsibility in the tourism industry is not a choice; it is a business obligation (Lyn 2009). To the society, CSR increases welfare as well as building a liking for the firm. Going green initiative, maintained by a firm via CSR improves he ecological conditions of the society. The result is reduced health hazards, better working conditions as well as better services and safe products. Involvement in charitable fundraising can improve the society’s education and possibly create equal opportunities. According to Lyn (2009), tourism managers who focus on short-term profits at the expense of the society and the environment are doomed to fail. For sustainability, a business ought to ensure that there is a bottom line that measures environmental, economic and social profits and losses. That goes a long way at maintaining customer

Economics of International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics of International Trade - Essay Example The sale of the imported goods from the developing countries was high that most of the manufacturing companies lowered the wages for their workers. Most of the manufacturing companies were experiencing difficulty in trade because of the low sale of the manufactured goods. That is the export level was much lower compared to the exports. Most of these companies began hiring people that were not trained and other unskilled labor. Other factors that affected international trade in the United States is the rise in inequality due to the skill differentials. The international trade differences are what led to the rise in inequality in the payment of wages and employment in general (Ebenstein , Harrison    McMillan & Phillips p. 3). The countries that had low income wages were producing more manufactured products compared to the manufacturing countries that based their labor on skilled workers. This is because most of the manufacturing countries with low wages had more employees and could manufacture more goods compared to the latter. History has recorded that the rise and the fall of the income trends have been affected by the rise and fall of the international trade. As most of the manufactured goods come from the developing countries, trade seems to have favored the developing countries. For instance, due to the fact that the developing countries export most of the manufactured products thus has trade favored these countries. The fact that has led to inequality is because of the employment in these countries. Because the export many products, they also employ many employees compared to the other countries. This has in turn increased the inequality in trade in the international market. The changes in the payment of wages have also influenced the pricing of the good in the international market. As a result, the changes in the wages have also become a contributing factor in inequality in the international trade. It is true that the

Qualitative Study on COPD Essay Example for Free

Qualitative Study on COPD Essay This is a qualitative study conducted at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler as a randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of a lifestyle behavioral intervention to increase physical activity among patients with moderate to severe COPD. (Wortz, K. 2012) 54 patients of age 45 or older were randomly selected from April 2010 through January 2011 using a patient registry database with a coded diagnosis of COPD along with physician referrals. Data collection consisted of: baseline, demographic, clinical and self-management needs, smoking status, spirometry, 6-min walk distance, BMI, Obstruction, SOB, Exercise Capacity (BODE) index, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ); which includes 10 open ended questions and Geriatric Depression Scale. A sample of 47 interviews with the mean age of 68.4 years old, 53% male, 87% white were used in the analysis. 57.5% has moderate COPD, 31.9% sever COPD, and 10.6% very severe COPD. (Wortz, K. 2012) The results of this analysis suggest that the content of self-management support with COPD should focus on addressing patients’ fears associated with the uncertainty, progression, suffering of their disease, expectations about overcoming or replacing losses, their needs for improved health literacy and their desire for improved care. Attention to these areas may enhance patient self-efficacy and motivation to improve self management.

Jezza The Great :: essays research papers

Jezza the great - Matt Posaner For many Carlton supports, the greatest player, bar non, in recent memory is Alex Jesaulenko. He represented all that was mercurial and brilliant in football; he was a player people came to watch because the unbelievable on a regular basis, and the unexpected 10 times a game. Like Mozart, the greatest composer of all time, Alex Jesaulenko was born of Ukrainian parents in the Austrian city of Salzburg. He came to Australia as a young boy and grew up in Canberra. There are a couple of persistent rumours about the young Jesaulenko, which lend an aura to his particular genius. The first is that the baby Jezza spent some time with his family in a refugee camp in or near Carlton in the late 1940's - Camp Pell, or a camp in the Exhibition Gardens. The second is that he did notevan pick up an Australian football until the ripe old age of 15. And the last one is that the Prime Minister of the day, Sir Robert Menzies, personally interviewed to have the Manuka-Eastlakes star and Commenwealth public servant transferred to Melbourne in time for the 1967 season. The rest of his story is truthful, and needs no embellishment - the soaring marks, such as the mark of the century in the 1970 grand final, the hundred goals in a season, the ability to command the ball to do his will, the way his body worked its way untouched through marauding packs, as if he could disappear under ground and worm his way up in a clear space. Not to mention the way he could bring the rest of the team into the play by direct involvement, or sheer example. When called upon to coach Carlton in 1978, he was being shirt-fronted by Collingwood's Stan Magro that inspired a win that season, and eventually the Flag in 1979. He left in loyalty to controversial President George Harris but was still blue through and through. When called upon in another crisis after the sacking of Robert Walls in 1989, he came and the magic worked again.

Exploring weather the quote “evacuation was a great success” by using my own knowledge and the sources in the booklet

Source A suggests that the evacuation wasn't really a success for a number of reasons. â€Å"Arrangements did not always go smoothly† This goes to show that the organisation of the evacuation was something that needed work on. It also talks about people not coping with their new surroundings and that people just didn't really fit in as it says â€Å"There were reports of people fouling in gardens, hair crawling with lice and bed wetting.† Some may say that they did all these as a sign that they had no respect for there surroundings but I see it differently, the fact that people are bedwetting could just be a sign of anxiety and nervousness. Although this is only a secondary source from a textbook for children it is still backed up by the fact that all of these things actually happened at the time. There were some cases of towns expecting a school of children to come but then they would end up with forty pregnant women on their doorsteps. Source B is obviously for evacuation and is agreeing with the quote â€Å"evacuation was a great success † I am led to believe this because looking at the picture it seems like it was taken for a newspaper or something else of that calibre. If something is taken for the British press during a war it has to be positive or people won't be confident about the war and may start panicking and this is the last thing the country wanted. The picture (taken September 1939, primary source) shows a school of children and there teachers walking down a road on there way to a London station, on the picture they are all laughing and smiling at the prospect of being taken away from home. I don't think these are the real emotions that they are feeling but are only doing this because the camera is looking so are smiling for it and waving. Source C I would say is neutral and is neither for nor against evacuation but is just giving some information of what really happened. But it does explain the confusion and fear of the children so I could be tempted to say it's against the idea more than for it. It is an interview 49 years after the war with a teacher who was evacuated with they're class to somewhere in the country. â€Å"We hadn't the slightest idea were we where going†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this is obviously telling us that the problem with organisation really was an issue to be thought about. â€Å"All you could hear was the feet of the children and a kind of murmur because the children were too afraid to talk.† When saying this it shows that the fear shown by the children was recognisable without even having to ask them. This is a primary source because it was from a person who was there when it happened but she was very old when giving the source so not all of it could be true. She then goes on to say â€Å"The mothers pressed against the iron gates calling â€Å"good bye darling†Ã¢â‚¬  When it says this I don't think she is completely telling the truth, I think that she remembers the mothers being upset and calling there last emotional goodbyes to there children but the words she has quoted can't possibly be true, they were from the south of London and people at the time didn't speak like that down there. Source D shows some evacuee boys having a bath with looks of glee on there faces, I think this is saying that evacuation was a success as it shows the boys safe and happy. The photo was taken during the war to be issued by the government, most probably to be used for a newspaper or something like that. In the picture it is the ratio of four boys to every bath, this maybe a sign that it was very over crowded when the children were being evacuated but it still looks like the boys are enjoying themselves. Although they are all smiling the fact of the matter is that they know that the picture is being taken thus not showing there true emotions as children especially like to smile for the cameras so they look good in the newspapers. If the camera wasn't there bath time could have been a different story all together, they all could have had grim faces on, but we will never really know. As previously stated the photo was taken during the war so is a primary source that makes just a bit more reliable. Sources E and F are both defiantly against the idea that â€Å"evacuation was a great success† as they are both complaining about either the people they had sent to them or the places they were sent to. Source E is from a mother of a host family taken 49 years after the war so vital details from her memory may have been lost or she may add things for no apparent reason. The main topic of discussion in the source is the toilet habits of her new guests, â€Å"The children went round the house urinating on the walls† and then goes on to say † Although we told the children and there mother off about this filthy habit they took no notice and our house stank to high heaven.† This does not sound like a woman who is very pleased with her evacuees. A lot of this was going on as there were many complaints all over the country abut the disgusting hygiene an habits the people had such as bed wetting, â€Å"fouling† in the garden, and the fact that some of them had never brushed there teeth up until when they were living in the hosts establishment. The fact that the house did have two toilets though means they could have been doing all this because they wanted to go home so thought if they make a nuisance of themselves then the government would send them packing. Source F is from an actual evacuee expressing there anger for the prejudice abut evacuees that has been spread that it was always poor people going to rich houses and some times it was the complete opposite. â€Å"It is just as upsetting for a clean and well educated child to find itself in a grubby semi slum as the other way round.† And also says at the beginning, â€Å"How I wish the common view of evacuees could be changed.† Both of these comments show that he is not happy being stereotyped as poor unhygienic boys for no reason that he can prevent. A lot of prejudice was going around at the time so the primary source is backed up by facts as well. Source G is also about how people were prejudice towards the evacuees just because the majority of them were poor. Some people thought it was great that they were coming to stay at there place though, because they were so poor and in some cases naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve they were made to work in the hosts shop for free. Source G is a shot paragraph from a story wrote for children in 1973 about evacuees and what life was like for them. It shows some more prejudice behaviour from hosts at the time towards there new arrivals in there homes as she thinks that the reason that they have no slippers is because they are to poor to afford it but the real reason is they had no room in there suit cases to pack them. Although in the story the children found it funny I think it was wrong that people should be treated in a certain way before even getting to know them. Source H is a poster with a picture of two children hugging each other, In the background it has been split into two. One area is a nice quiet village in the country side and the other is the dirty city with planes flying over it, the designer for the poster has done this so u get a picture of how dramatically you can change the children's way of life just by becoming a foster. The poster sets out to make people think that they can be heros just by fostering a few children whilst the war is on with quotes like â€Å"You may be saving a child's life† This would make a foster person think that they are helping the war cause and doing there bit for the country. It is a primary source from the time and was issued by the government to encourage people to foster children and I think it would have been very successful the because of way in which they went about making the poster. Source I is part of a mass observation survey that one man decided to take part in a sat how he felt about evacuation. It was taken May 1940 so is a primary source and is very reliable. The man and the interviewer discuss the topic of what the man is going to do with his son â€Å"I'm not letting him go. They can't be looked after where they're sending him† This shows some of the country wasn't as willing as others and didn't trust the people who were going to look after there children. He also talks of how there wasn't enough food to feed the people before the war so this may have been one of the biggest concerns for parents sending there children away, that they wouldn't be looked after properly. I would say without a doubt that this source is completely against the idea of evacuation and is therefore contradicting the quote â€Å"evacuation was a great success† My over all opinion is that you could not call the evacuation a success at all as there was to many complications involved such as difference in up bringing, costs quite a lot for the hosts, people didn't trust the system, some people were rebellious against the hosts and finally it made a new kind of prejudice and there is enough of that around already. I must admit a lot of lives were saved and in some cases people enjoyed having evacuees in there houses and said it was so much fun it took there mind of the war. If evacuation didn't take place a lot of people in built up areas like London would have been killed for sure so it id have its good points that saved the British population but overall I would disagree and say no, evacuation was not a great success, it was I good idea but not a success.

Organization Methods

Organizational methods and tone used in Douglas Todd’s â€Å"Beware the Boredom Boom† Douglas Todd’s essay â€Å"Beware the Boredom Boom† is a logically organized piece about the often minimized plague of boredom eating away at society. The topic he is approaching in this essay is one that could be easily dismissed by any serious reader, and so it must be treated carefully and written in such a way that creates interest without over or under dramatizing the problem.I am going to discuss Todd’s organizational methods and tone as they lend to the overall effectiveness of the essay. Todd begins his essay with a couple of brief stories about people in the mall experiencing boredom. This is a solid introduction, as story-telling is pretty much a certain way to spark readers’ interests. Todd then branches into a brief description of boredom over the course of human history, as described by major historical figures.This is where he is building his c ase for boredom as a legitimate topic of academic discussion, and then he finally dives into the content of his essay. â€Å"Boredom is not a subject to be treated tongue-in-cheek. Boredom matters† (pp. 503). Here, with the introduction of his thesis, he is demanding that his readers take the subject seriously, telling them outright that boredom is not a joke and he is not about to treat it casually.He used the device of storytelling to give a light-hearted, interest-sparking appeal to his essay, only to later disallow the topic to be treated in a flippant way at all. This further promotes the reader’s interest by catching him off-guard. Todd really needed to jolt the reader like this in order to force him to take seriously a topic that many understand as being frustrating but benign. Once he has the reader’s attention, Todd is able to start presenting his argument for boredom as a chronic syndrome having an increasingly negative effect on our society.He cites v arious studies and scientific figures as a means of building his case for the deeply-impacting negative effects of boredom, outlining what a truly serious and potentially devastating problem it really is. He also directly addresses the seeming paradox of boredom becoming such a prevalent plague in a society which is constantly bombarded with various forms of stimulation and ever-experience-enhancing advancing technology. â€Å"Plugged in at home and on the street to TV, the Internet, laptops, DVDs, cell phones and MP3s, many young people are becoming merely reactive† (pp.XXX). In fact, through his carefully presented research and thoroughly articulated arguments, Todd is able to effectively show the reader just how it is those very elements are what is causing, promoting, and perpetuating this increasingly threatening downward spiral of aimless boredom. Todd’s organizational method here was highly effective, because he is effectively able to grab the reader’s at tention right from the beginning, and, once he had it, he is able to maintain that attention through his various examples of scientific research, personal testimonies, and direct quotes.This organizational method also succeeded in forcing the reader to take the subject matter seriously, which was Todd’s primary goal. He was also able to succeed in doing this with his writing style and tone. Todd’s tone throughout this piece is slightly humorous while also remaining very serious. His tone can seem light-hearted at times, and his personal voice is ever present in his word choice and sentence construction: â€Å"It was impossible to be bored in hard-scrabble primitive days because the fight for survival kept you forever on your toes† (pp. XXX).However, this light-hearted writing style is yet another device that Todd employs in order to keep his reader’s attention. It is through his witty remarks that the reader is able to more fully understand the points he is making. As in the example stated above, while it does seem like a sarcastic side comment, this is yet another idea that forces the reader to pause and really think about the argument Todd has presented: after a brief reflection, this â€Å"sarcastic† comment makes perfect sense, and seems to succinctly explain how exactly people got to be so terribly bored.Todd’s essay is very effective at treating the â€Å"problem† of boredom in a serious and engaging way. His writing style is clear, concise, and simple. His organization is very structured and creates an appropriate step-by-step approach to the idea of something as common as boredom actually being a social plight. His tone carries the reader through in a way that was helpful and guiding while also being challenging, forcing the reader to really think.

Essay on Gangs-and-guns Wars Reasons and Causes

Essay on Gangs-and-guns Wars Reasons and Causes Essay on Gangs-and-guns Wars: Reasons and Causes Essay on Gangs-and-guns Wars: Reasons and CausesViolence is a serious problem of the contemporary society. Every year so called gang wars take away lives of thousands of people.   Unfortunately, innocent people often become victims in these wars. Despite the fact that the government puts much effort trying to solve the problem of the high-crime level and the criminal war, the number of victims is still high. Dan Gardner in his article The Missing Piece to the Gang-Violence Debate states that drugs play an important role in the gang wars and it is hard to resolve the problem without taking this component into consideration. Drug distribution is a very profitable â€Å"business†, and members of the gangs often die during wars for the influence in drug sphere.   I believe that selling   and taking drugs is an important problem of the contemporary society and it may be the root of other serious problems, such as high crime rate and violence. In addition, drugs bring enormous money to those who sell them and that is the reason they may have big influence in gangs-and-guns wars.In his article The Missing Piece to the Gang-Violence Dan Gardner speaks about possible reasons of the murders related to the gang wars. Garnder used to work as a policy adviser for the Minister of Education and Premier of Ontario. He knows the topic he discusses and shares his finding with his readers. He states that despite big effort dedicated to reduce the crime level gang wars take away a lot of lives every year. Dan Gardner traces certain correlations in the number of victims of these wars and he states that his findings bring him to the idea that drugs are the missing components in the gang wars. Each time police imprisoned drug lords or the leader of the drug dealing network the sudden increase of murders emerged. Gardner explains it by the gang wars for the leadership in the drug networks.   After his analyses Gardner comes to the conclusions that in reality drug wars b ecome the reason of big quantity of victims during the gangs-and-guns wars. â€Å"Yes, drugs are the missing piece in Canada’s guns-and-gangs debate. It’s true that gang culture, fatherless homes, poverty and other factors people are talking about may play a role. But in almost every case, the drug trade is the reason the trigger is squeezed. If the black market didn’t exist, neither would most of the bloodshed† (Gardner 235). Drug industry brings millions to its owners and that is why battle for the place in this industry is so fierce.  A lot of authors trace correlation between gang wars and drugs distribution.   The story repeats in different countries and sad statistics of homicides proves that drugs play a very important role in the gang wars. Police report Drugs, Gangs, and Crime: Urban Violence and the War on Drugs also names drugs as one of the main reasons of victims during criminal wars. â€Å"Chicago police believe that about one-third of the city’s homicides and shootings are drug and gang related. This would suggest that gang violence is responsible for 300 or more deaths and several thousands of aggravated batteries per year in the city alone† (Drugs, Gangs, and Crime: Urban Violence and the War on Drugs).     The data from other sources also proves correlation between gang wars and drugs.   Specialists state that drug use is one of risk factors of joining gangs. The Rochester Youth Survey names negative life events, making friends with gang members and drugs as main risk factors of possible gang membership (Thornberry 174).   Similar results were achieved by the Seattle Social Development Project.   According to their report risk factors include bad study results, inclination to drugs, demonstrative behavior and â€Å"bad† friends (Thornberry 174). In contrast, good socialization, conventional surrounding and strong personal system of beliefs minimize risk of joining the gang.   Th ese facts prove strong correlation between drug dealers and victims of the gang wars. National surveys also prove influence of drugs trade on the gang wars. The National Drug Intelligence Center reports that â€Å"gangs (including street gangs, prison gangs, and outlaw motorcycle gangs) are the primary retail distributors of drugs in the country† (NDIC 2005). These facts prove close correlation between drugs and gang wars. Gang members control drug distribution and a lot of cases of homicide are connected with so called â€Å"drug wars†.   Criminal authorities turn to violence when they share the fields of drug distribution.   The National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations also gives facts that prove drugs to be one of the reasons of the gang wars. The research made by these associations contains data from 455 agencies and most of them prove information about the close connection between drug dealing network, gang wars and victims of these wars (NAGIA 200 5).Since drug distribution has such great influence on gang wars and criminal levels, it would be logical to look for the ways out in order to resolve this problem. Unfortunately, the level of homicide and constant gang wars show that state policies are not very effective at the present moment. Despite the enormous effort put in, the attempts to resolve this problem is ineffective.   Gardner states that law enforcement does not give expected results. Moreover, statistic states that enforcement results in the increase of the homicide. Prohibition has negative effect on the level of violence. Trying to fight with the results of the problem we cannot solve it. In order to influence the problem of gang crimes we should try to influence its roots. As proved earlier, drugs are among the essential components of the gang violence. As states Gardner: â€Å"Wipe out the drug trade and the violence goes with it† (Gardner   235). This effective method also seems to be unachievable at the present moment. In order to understand the situation better we must get a better understanding of the drug dealing system and drug addiction. As states Gardner, drug dealing network will not disappear even if the police throws all drug dealers to prison. The problem is not in drug dealers but in people who consume drugs. They create a demand and in response drug traders sell drugs to satisfy it. So, the problem lies on the deeper level than ordinary drug network. It deals with people who create the demand for drugs and, thus, influence drug distribution.   That is the reason old methods to fight gang crimes are not effective.   Politicians have to change the entire approach to the problem, otherwise the problem will not be solved. As Gardner points out: â€Å"Of course politicians don’t like to admit they aren’t omnipotent. And they really don’t want to say unpopular things in public, particularly during an election. And so both the Liberals and the Co nservatives have promised to deal with gang crime by, yet again, increasing law enforcement and boosting sentences. This will fail† (Gardner 235). The problems of gang crimes and drug dealing need new approaches but in order to solve them it is necessary to know the nature of drug addiction.The problem of drug addiction is complex and multi-dimensioned. Despite the great effort put into the study of the problem of drug addiction there is no one defined explanation of its nature. Science and medicine fail, when the subject comes to addiction.   Ã‚  Medicine cannot give definite answer concerning the nature of drug addiction.   Different policies aiming to reduce drug use have rather political than medial or scientific background. These policies are aimed to show to the society that government puts effort in order to resolve this problem, but in reality effectiveness of such programs is very low and we can notice it by studying the rates of drug addiction. Psychology profess or Bruce Alexander made a series of experiments, exploring the nature of drug addiction and came to unexpected and innovative conclusions. He   proves that the surrounding and conditions of life have major impact on the nature of   addiction. During his famous experiment Alexander placed addicted rats into two surroundings. One surrounding of usual cages and another contained real paradise for rats – complex structure with plenty of space for life and entertainment. The results of the experiment became unexpected. Rats which dwelled in very good conditions soon left their addiction and turned to normal life. He states that scientists and medical workers who look for the   reasons of drug addiction cannot find the right answer because we should look for it in sociology. As he states: â€Å"Addiction is neither a disease nor a moral failure, but a narrowly focused lifestyle with an intensity that partially compensates for a lack of adequate psychosocial integration. The function of addiction to drugs is no different from the function of addiction to any other habit or pursuit†   (Alexander 125). Alexander speaks about problems of the contemporary society which deprived people of their roots, of their usual way of life and meaning of life in general. Alexander gives social and economical reasons for these changes. He states that we cannot fight the problem of drug addiction until we solve social problems.   Money spent to fight the crimes connected with drugs or caused by their use could have brought more use if spent on different social problems. People use drugs not because they have such born characteristics. They turn to drugs because they are unhappy and lack sense in their lives. Social status and material factors also contribute to possible reasons of drug addiction. That is why authorities should pay attention to the level of life of the most unprotected social layers as one of the ways to deal with the drug problem.Jason Ziedenber g’s research on the gang crime Ganging up on communities? Putting gang crime in context also underlines the correlation between the activity of different gangs and the level of life.   According to his research gang crime does not happen everywhere. There are certain areas where the rates of gang crime are higher. After research it was found out that gang crime is higher in the poorer regions. This proves the idea that gang crime is connected with the income level and employment. Similar conclusions can   be found in Kyriacou’s study of relationship between socioeconomic factors and gang violence in Los Angeles. According to the research results, â€Å"the strongest correlations with gang violence were employment and income† (Kyriacou et al 346). The correlation between gang crime, drug addiction and level of life is evident.   It is impossible to solve the problem of drug addiction and, thus, reduce crime rates until social are solved. If authorities and politicians take these facts into consideration we will get an opportunity to approach the solution of the problem of the gang crime.

How to Use the French Preposition Dans

How to Use the French Preposition Dans The French preposition dans usually means in, but,  depending on the context, it also has other English equivalents, such as from, through, on, during and off. Dans cannot be followed directly by a noun but rather must be followed by an article or some other determiner. It can indicate a physical location, a figurative location and time. Dans is also required after certain French verbs  that  take  an  indirect object. Physical Location   Ã‚  Ã‚  dans la boà ®te   in the box  Ã‚  Ã‚  dans la rue   in the street  Ã‚  Ã‚  boire dans une tasse   to drink from a cup  Ã‚  Ã‚  prendre quelque chose dans une boà ®te  Ã‚  to take something from a box  Ã‚  Ã‚  copier quelque chose dans un livre   to copy something from a book  Ã‚  Ã‚  dans lavion   on the plane  Ã‚  Ã‚  mettre quelque chose dans le tiroir   to put something in the drawer  Ã‚  Ã‚  monter dans le train   to get on the train  Ã‚  Ã‚  voir quelquun dans lescalier   to see someone on the stairs Figurative Location   Ã‚  Ã‚  dans la situation actuelle   in the current situation  Ã‚  Ã‚  dans ces conditions in / under these conditions Period of  Time   Ã‚  Ã‚  dans la journà ©e during the day  Ã‚  Ã‚  dans la semaine during the week  Ã‚  Ã‚  dans une semaine in one week Verbs with Dans The French preposition  dans  is required after certain French verbs that take an  indirect object. boire qqchose dans  (une tasse) to drink something out of (a cup)chercher  dans  (la boà ®te)  Ã‚  to look in (the box)courir dans  (lherbe)  Ã‚  to run through (the grass)coà »ter dans  (les dix euros)  Ã‚  to cost about (10 euros)entrer dans  (une salle, un bà ¢timent)  Ã‚  to enter (a room, building)fouiller dans  (les poches)  Ã‚  to look through (the pockets)lire dans  (le journal)  Ã‚  to read in (the paper)manger dans la main qqun  Ã‚  to eat out of ones handmanger dans lassiette  Ã‚  to eat off a platemettre  son espoir dans  Ã‚  to pin ones hopes onpartir  dans  (10 minutes)  Ã‚  to leave in (10 minutes)partir dans  (les montagnes)  Ã‚  to leave for (the mountains)pleuvoir dans  (la France)  Ã‚  to rain in (France)prendre quelque chose dans  (une boà ®te, un tiroir)  Ã‚  to take something from (a box, drawer)regarder dans  (la boà ®te, le frigo)  Ã‚  to look in (the box, the fridge)vivre dans  (la misà ¨re, la peur)  Ã‚  to live in (poverty, fear)

George Campbell's rhetorical theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

George Campbell's rhetorical theory - Essay Example As an admirer of the classics, Campbell reminded his theological students to immerse themselves in such specific works as Quintilian's Institutio Oratoria, Cicero's De Inventione and De Oratore, the Ad Herennium, Longinus' On the Sublime, and the critical essays of Dionysius. What he liked most of all was the classical emphasis on rules as an art form. In his Lectures on Pulpit Eloquence, Campbell taunted his contemporaries for their inability to extend the highly artistic approach to rhetoric developed by the ancients. "As to the rhetorical art itself," he said, "in the particular the moderns appear to me to have made hardly any advance or improvement upon the ancients. I can say, at least, of most of the performances in the way of institute, which I have had an opportunity of reading on the subject, either in French or English, every thing valuable is servilely copied from Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian." Underlying Campbell's philosophy was the idea that rhetoric is a dynamic, developing process.

IMF Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IMF - Case Study Example It was founded to help developing countries by lending cash for development of financial structures so that it can reach developed stage (Mody & Saravia, 2008). However, this contradicts the functions of IMF presently. Some of these countries engage in highly risky activities with the notion that IMF will come to their rescue in case of failing of the business or inevitable losses. This has led to increased numbers of financial crises due to the increased responsiveness of the IMF to such crises. As a result of the increased number of crisis, the IMF has faced overloading of tasks. This needs response; hence, its main aim of increasing financial structures of developing countries is often slow to allocate and fund them. They give first priorities to crisis’s hit countries hence these countries tend to drag in developments (Mody & Saravia, 2008). IMF system of short-term crisis management is too costly, responds too slow, its advice often incorrect to the lending and repayment, and its efforts to influence policy and practice too intrusive. IMF management of crisis is often too expensive due to the process of analyzing the extent of the crisis, and vulnerability and the dangers and also the damage it has caused and it can cause if not addressed. This is done by a set of appointed board members to analyze it for a time and make a decision on the outcome and the necessary measures to solve such a crisis. This process is often somehow expensive as it includes payments to those appointed to analyze within that short period. The steps of this process are often costly and expensive as they include vital decisions that need careful analyzation before coming up with a decision (Collyns & Kincaid, 2003). Management of crisis is often a slow process as it includes analyzing the extent of the crisis, and the damage caused, the effect it would cause if not collected and the way to solve

See inside Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See inside - Assignment Example A company will come up with a strategy to achieving a particular goal or a set of goals set out as planned. Then a means or a tactic by which the strategy will be carried out. A sound strategy will succeed by using facts and assumptions, analysis, previous conclusions, and previous recommendations. However, a strategic outline plan begins with a vision that should be futuristic, specific, and promises a better outlook than the current state of affairs. To achieve a vision, a company should have a mission statement that is in line with its objectives. A mission statement should identify core competencies and philosophies while explaining why it is possible to achieve a vision. SWOT analysis is a crucial part when a company is laying out a strategic plan. SWOT analysis simply means identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that a company possesses and faces. It is through SWOT analysis that a company gets to learn about its competitive advantages and disadvantages. From the article, it is clear that Duke Energy Company has an ambitious vision that it wants to achieve by the year 2050. The vision that Duke Energy Company has is to modernize its grid and make its communities the most energy efficient communities in the world. This vision is in line with our current text since it is both futuristic, and it promises a bright future. However, according to the President and CEO of Duke Energy Company, this vision can be achieved without factoring in facts and data analyses since he believes numbers do not necessarily connect to the vision. According to our current text, it is tactically crucial to use facts and analysis in-order to be able to achieve a vision that has been set out. Using SWOT analysis on Duke Energy Company, it is easy to identify its competitive advantage. According to the CEO, the fact that they have already experimented with different technologies gives them an

Analysis of Profitability Ratios

Analysis of Profitability Ratios If a company shows good profitability then the shareholders can expect good profit distribution on their investment. For this purpose we should also examine the dividend payment history of the company in order to make a reliable estimate of profit distribution. So far as the Spectrum Manufacturing Company [SMC] is concerned, its profitability is decreasing. The reasons of the decrease in profitability are: Decrease in sales Increase in interest expenses Increase in the amount of depreciation [may not be a concern, since it is non cash expense. Further increase the depreciation will ultimately decrease tax liability] The disadvantages of using above ratios are that these ratios may not provide an accurate estimate of the company profitability if used individually. The ratios calculated above should be used with other techniques in order to get more accurate and reliable estimate of the company financial position. The above ratios also ignore the impact of items which may result in low profitability but may increase share holders wealth maximization. For example, depreciation charged and interest expenses paid will ultimately decrease the tax liability of the company resulting in more profits available for distribution. The are many methods to calculate the leveraging of the company some considers long term debt while others considers both long term and short term debt of the company so this ratio should be calculated as per the requirements. The ratio of ROCE ignores the impact of risk taken by the company. We may use RROCE [Risk Adjusted Return on Capital Employed] in order to get a more reliable estimate. The following additional techniques and tools can be used for the analysis of SMC: Cash Flow Analysis [Liquidity Ratios] Peer Group Comparison Inventory turn over ratio Average collection period Price earning ratio Taxation structure of the countries where the company wants to enter Exchange rate risk. The Board of Directors are the agent of shareholders (Principal). It is the responsibility of the BOD to act in the best interest of shareholders. But there are chances that the BOD may not act in the interest of shareholders due to some potential conflict of interest. The conflict of interest may arise due to difference in goals and objectives of BOD and shareholders. However different techniques can be used to reduce the chances of conflict of interest such as profit participation, performance based remuneration etc. The dividend policy is related with the profit distribution of the company. The investor would like to invest in a company which has a good dividend policy. The dividend policy is normally affected by the stage of business and future expansion plans. The dividend policy is important due to the following reasons: The dividend policy plays an important role in attracting the investors High dividends may result in higher share price of the company [market capitalization] Distribution of dividend in the form of cash shows good liquidity position of the company. The debt financing is normally encouraged due to the fact that the interest expenses are deductable for taxation purposes while the dividend paid to share holders is not considered as an expense for taxation purposes. Three main sources of financing: Debt Financing from financial institutions Subscription money from shareholders Subordinated debt form sponsors Government Grants

Self-delusion In Death Of A Sa :: essays research papers

In Arthur Miller’s drama “Death of a Salesman'; the protagonist is a character by the name of Willy Loman. Willy suffers from self-delusion and is obsessed with a desire to succeed. Willy’s family is strongly influenced by his actions, which contributes to their own self-delusions. Willy has an extremely large ego and fabricates most if not all of his success. He brags about how much money he makes inflating his sales commissions to his wife Linda. Willy is too proud to accept a job from Charley yet he seems to have no problem accepted money from him to make ends meet. Willy says; “I’m keeping strict accounts'; (1683) of the money Charley gives him, but has no intention of ever repaying the debt. Willy wants to be recognized, liked and admired. In Willy’s mind success is linked to how well a person is liked. He exaggerates how well liked and respected he really is and tells his sons Biff and Happy in order for them to be truly successful they must first be well liked. Linda is an enabler and is codependent on Willy. She encourages him and participates in his delusions. Linda is unselfish and her life revolves around Willy and the boys. Despite what she might think or feel personally she tries to influence Biff and Happy to listen to their father stating; “attention must be paid'; and encouraging them to participate in his delusions. By giving into Willy, trying to keep peace in the family and trying to avoid hurting him she is actually causing more harm than good. Biff is irresponsible and unable to find happiness. He learned from Willy the way to achieve success is through lying, stealing, and powerful acquaintances. His disillusionment with his father stems from the discovery of Willy’s adulterous relationship and unfaithfulness to his mother. Biff becomes frustrated with his mother when she defends Willy. He rebels against success and authority taking pleasure in defying his father. He does try to face the trut h and has a sense of moral responsibility. Biff has inherited some of Willy’s best traits. He believes there is a better life out there for him, but not as a salesman. He wants to be outside working with his hands, which ironically is when Willy seems to be truly happy and when he feels he has been successful at something. Happy has inherited the worst of Willy’s traits.

Function of Storytelling Essay

The novel Atonement by Ian MCewan and the short story â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tom O’Brien both employ storytelling as a form of redemption. This is achieved in each text through the narrator’s freedom to manipulate the content and truth of the narrative in order to amend past wrongs and to imagine a more comforting, alternate reality. In Atonement, the narrator , Briony uses her literal imagination to alter the story of her life in hope to seek redemption for past actions with great consequence, while the narrator in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† tells and retells his version of the memory to help it become real. Both narratives show storytelling to be a possible healing process. P1-First step to redemption is to admit the reason for your deception. A novels allows narrator to confess the motive behind his/her sin. Briony initial stage towards redemption is by confessing the dangers of interpretation. quote- To herâ€Å"reading a sentence and understanding it were the same thing; as with the crooking of a finger, nothing between them. There was no gap during which symbols were unravelled†(37) -quote shows Briony’s belief in the ease of interpretation which leads her to jump to conclusions she can never change. The blame for the tragedy is not only due to Briony’s misinterpretation of events , but the misguided nature of interperation provided by books. â€Å"The Things They Carried† -The narrator describes the difficult conditions of war by describing the emotional and physical baggage they carry. Lieutenant Jimmy Cross carried the love letters from Martha. These horrible conditions forced Lieutenant cross to day dream about Martha which lead to Ted Lavender’s death. -quote:told they carry â€Å"pocket knives, heat tabs, wristwatches†¦and two or three canteens of water† which weigh â€Å" between 15 and 20 pounds†(241). -quote allows the reader to feel the overwhelming weight of being a soldier, which words can’t simply explain. The narrator demonstrates the reasoning for Lieutenant cross’s daydreaming as a way to escape from chaos of Vietnam war. P2-Using storytelling another step towards redemption is taken by character’s revealing repentance by punishing themselves for their wrong doing (reveal repentance/remorse) -briony becomes a nurse and turns away Cambridge. She writes about the hard work she does as a nurse. quote: â€Å"Whatever skivvying or humble nursing she did and however well or hard she did it, whatever illumination in tutorial she had relinquished ,or lifetime moment on a college lawn, she would never undo the damage. She was unforgivable† -Lieutenant Jimmy burns Martha’s letter and pictures, thus destroying his distracting fantasy in order to become a true soldier -quote: â€Å"Lavender was dead. You couldn’t burn the blame† -Something is missing in explanation. How can I tie in that acts of remorse both did not make amends. P3-Novel is attempt by narrators to erase the wrong he/she did. The outcome of redemption differs for each narrator. -Briony alters the ending of the ending of the story in hope to seek redemption but does not achieve it because quote: â€Å"The problem of these fifty-nine years has been this:how can a novelist achieve atonement when, with her absolute power of deciding outcomes, she is also God? There is no one , no entity of higher form that she can appeal to, or be reconciled with, or that can forgive her† -No matter how many times she rewrites the story she will never receive Robbie and Cecile’s forgiveness. She can†t achieve self forgiveness because no alternate ending that she imagines will replace the true ending. -The only way Briony will end her guilt is when her memory fails and she dies. (disease) -Narrator for â€Å"The Things They Carried† achieves redemption for Ted Lavender’s death because storytelling allows the memories of Ted Lavender to stay alive. -Storytelling enables the narrator’s memories to be shaped and rearranged in order to make sense of past events and make them real -The narrator achieves redemption for Ted Lavender’s death by storytelling because each time the story is told or retold the soldier’s in the Alpha Company are being given a new life each time by the reader. -quote:At first, we learn â€Å"he was shot and killed outside Than Khe† (O’Brien 241) and gradually learn â€Å"Ted Lavender was shot in the head on his way back from peeing† (O’Brien 246).

Maoism in China Essay

Generally, the Communist system in the Soviet Union and in China are practically identical politically, economically, with the reciprocal purges ect†¦ However, Mao Tse-Tung and Stalin did not see eye to eye on many things and Maoism is considered today by most people to be a more developed stage of Marxism-Leninism. This is because of the historical and cultural background of China and because of her geographical position and climate which affects society. Contrary to Russia, Communism developed in the countryside instead of in the cities. Thus it was a peasants’ revolution rather than, as predicted by Karl Marx, a workers’ revolution. The cities in China were at the beginning, anti-Communist. The Chinese absorption of Marxism was highly selective. China took from Marxism those aspects which best suited the Chinese situation rather than force the Chinese situation to fit an overachieving ideology. Thus Marxism was to be the servant of the Chinese Revolution. Mao Tse-Tung believed that adherence to pure Marxist theory would be suicidal and concluded that proletarian revolution based upon the urban areas was impossible in China since 80 percent of the people were peasants. Due to the warmer climate and more fertile land, peasantry was more popular in China. This pragmatic solution led to the Revolution starting in the rural areas. The most important difference between Stalin and Mao is the comprehension of the word ‘proletariat’. The Russians believed it meant, as Marx had, the industrial workers while the Chinese, by lack of sufficient workers, understood it as the peasantry. The Great Leap Forward where everyone was put to work was another Maoist characteristic. For 100 days each year, the peasants were not working in the fields so Mao set them up to work in the off-season harvest after 1957. Millions of men and women were put to work in winter, digging irrigation ditches and canals, preparing railroads and laying track. Then the â€Å"backyard furnace† was invented and 600 000 small steel establishments were set up.  The object was to overtake Britain in steel production. However, when the peasants left their land to work on the industrial projects, the lands suffered. So more changes were made. In some communes, men and women were separated to increase their productivity by cutting down socialising. On February 27th 1957, Mao was feeling very positive about all that he had done so he decided to loosen the straps on the Chinese people. He introduced the ‘hundred flowers’ campaign where he encouraged arts, sciences and â€Å"a flourishing socialist culture in our land. Different forms and styles in art should develop freely†. It seemed he was encouraging free thought and criticism of the system. After only six weeks though, Mao’s open invitation brought a real storm of furious criticism from the intellectual community who believed the chairman was sincere. This infuriated Mao who was expecting positive feedback and in April 1957 a rectification campaign had begun to eliminate the ‘triple evils’: â€Å"subjectivism, sectarianism, and bureaucratism†. The party members and Mao believed to be above criticism so a purge of intellectuals began. The Cultural Revolution is perhaps the greatest difference between Stalinism and Maoism and was entirely set up by Mao Tse-Tung. He has been called insane many times for the crazy extent which the Cultural Revolution took and for the lasting and devastating effects it continues to have. Mao favoured the word, â€Å"destruction† when he promoted the Cultural Revolution; he preached that he had to destroy an old system of production, an old ideology and old customs first. He thought that once the ideology had been established, productivity would follow in a revolution. â€Å"Although the bourgeoisie has been overthrown, it is still trying to use the old ideas, culture, customs and habits of the exploiting classes to corrupt the masses, capture their minds and endeavour to stage a comeback. The proletariat must do the exact opposite: it must deal merciless blows and meet head-on every challenge of the bourgeoisie in the ideological field and use the new ideas, culture, customs and habits of the proletariat to change the mental outlook of the whole of society. At present, our objective is to struggle against and overthrow those persons in authority who are taking the  capitalist road, to criticize and repudiate the reactionary bourgeois academic authorities’ and the ideology of the bourgeoisie and all other exploiting classes and to transform education, literature and art and all other parts of the superstructure not in correspondence with the socialist economic base, so as to facilitate the consolidation and development of the socialist sy stem.† Fifteen years after the success of the Revolution, Mao saw his new society as troubled, he had destroyed the old ruling class, but had established two new ones: the intelligentsia and the bureaucracy. Mao had turned against the intelligentsia after the ‘hundred flowers’ campaign but had not finished destroying them. When he saw the Soviet Union’s new aristocracy with their dachas and limousines, he set out to destroy the establishment he had created. Always one to manipulate the masses, he turned towards the youth for a new society by creating the Red Guard, an army of children. They were sanctioned by the highest authority, Mao himself and were bent on destruction. In essence, the children destroyed anything which did not appeal to them, although the initial target was to destroy the ‘four olds’: ideas, culture, customs and habits. They travelled in bands for mutual protection and inspiration, destroyed stores and restaurants and attacked however they desired. The Red Guards were divided by family background: poor peasants against well-to-do peasants, peasants against workers, and the children of army officers. The next step of the Cultural Revolution came in January 1967 when Mao replaced the officials all over China by young people with no experience and no common sense. Then universities, middle schools and primary schools closed down. This was called the period of the terror. The only young people to receive an education were the children of intellectuals who were taught by relatives and parents. Mao tried to destroy the education process which was disastrous for China as specialist, technicians ect†¦ were indispensable for the development of a country, and in this case, they were dismantled. However, he changed his mind in 1978 and sent in the People’s Liberation Army to desman the Red Guard. Mao’s theory of constant revolution to avoid the forming of classes is the major separation with Leninism and Marxism. It was under these conditions that the most earthshaking political event and the largest mass mobilization the Earth has ever seen took place. This is how Chairman Mao defined its objectives: â€Å"The current Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is absolutely necessary and most timely for consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat, preventing capitalist restoration and building socialism.† Mao’s Communism focuses especially on the particular interest for China and this by rejecting foreign intervention. The only use for foreign involvement is to insure Chinese security, economy†¦ He believes in Chinese Communism first, and not in World Communism. However, China supports people threatened by oppression which explains their expansion policy. Indeed, China has expanded her territory by invading the Tibet, fighting Korea. China has refused economic aid, except for trade with the Soviet Union which represented only 2 percent of Chinese investments. China developed its own brand of Communism to suit its needs and similarly to Stalinism, was dictated by only one man, who had the power to decide anything he desired.